PAT 201 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
100% CORECT ANSWERS!!
How many minutes of working out will Bp return to baseline?
5 mins
Where in the brain controls the baseline BP?
medulla (Vasomotor center)
What are the factors that cause vasoconstrict and vasodilate?
Vasoconstrict: ang II, endothelin
vasodilate: nitric oxide, prostaglandins
What are the neural mechanisms of BP control?
baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors
What are baroreceptors?
sense changes in BP from vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
What are chemoreceptors?
sense changes in O2 concentration, pH, CO2
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volumne
What are the primary factors influencing BP?
Preload, afterload, contractility
what is preload, afterload, and contractility?
Preload: AKA end-diastolic volume (EDV). LV wall stress before contraction. (FILLING)
Afterload: AKA end-systolic volume (ESV) Force opposing/stretching muscle after contraction
, begins. Clinically reflected by SBP.(EJECTING)
Contractility: inotropy, SV or volume
What are the Hormones, neurotransmitters, or medications that affect contractility?
Endogenous positive inotropic agents: Epinephrine, norepinephrine,
Negative inotropic agent: acetylcholine
What is peripheral resistance?
resistance of the arteries to blood flow
What is blood volume?
the amount of fluid in blood
What are the 4 vasoconstriction hormones?
epinephrine, norepinephrine, antidiuretic, ang II
What is normal BP?
What is elevated BP?
What is stage 1 hypertension?
What is stage 2 hypertension?
normal: 120/80>
elevated: 120-129/80>
stage 1: 130-139/80-89
stage 2: 140/90
What is HTN?
BP >140/90 after multiple measurements
What is HTN an increased risk for?
stroke, MI, renal disease
What are the modifiable risk factors?
100% CORECT ANSWERS!!
How many minutes of working out will Bp return to baseline?
5 mins
Where in the brain controls the baseline BP?
medulla (Vasomotor center)
What are the factors that cause vasoconstrict and vasodilate?
Vasoconstrict: ang II, endothelin
vasodilate: nitric oxide, prostaglandins
What are the neural mechanisms of BP control?
baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors
What are baroreceptors?
sense changes in BP from vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
What are chemoreceptors?
sense changes in O2 concentration, pH, CO2
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volumne
What are the primary factors influencing BP?
Preload, afterload, contractility
what is preload, afterload, and contractility?
Preload: AKA end-diastolic volume (EDV). LV wall stress before contraction. (FILLING)
Afterload: AKA end-systolic volume (ESV) Force opposing/stretching muscle after contraction
, begins. Clinically reflected by SBP.(EJECTING)
Contractility: inotropy, SV or volume
What are the Hormones, neurotransmitters, or medications that affect contractility?
Endogenous positive inotropic agents: Epinephrine, norepinephrine,
Negative inotropic agent: acetylcholine
What is peripheral resistance?
resistance of the arteries to blood flow
What is blood volume?
the amount of fluid in blood
What are the 4 vasoconstriction hormones?
epinephrine, norepinephrine, antidiuretic, ang II
What is normal BP?
What is elevated BP?
What is stage 1 hypertension?
What is stage 2 hypertension?
normal: 120/80>
elevated: 120-129/80>
stage 1: 130-139/80-89
stage 2: 140/90
What is HTN?
BP >140/90 after multiple measurements
What is HTN an increased risk for?
stroke, MI, renal disease
What are the modifiable risk factors?
