PAT 201 EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
100% CORECT ANSWERS!!
what is systolic blood pressure?
when the ventricles contract and push blood.
what is diastolic blood pressure?
when the ventricles relax and the coronary arteries perfuse.
what is pulse pressure?
systolic minus diastolic pressure.
what is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
average pressure in arterial system during ventricular contraction and relaxation.
what is cardiac output?
amount of blood ventricles eject per minute.
what is stroke volume?
amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one contraction.
what is heart rate?
number of contractions of the heart per minute.
what is contractility?
strength and vigour of the heart's contraction during systole.
what is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
force opposing movement of blood within blood vessels.
what is preload (ventricular filling)?
the load on ventricle immediately before contraction.
,what is afterload?
the resistance the left ventricle must pump against; pressure or tension work of the heart; force
contracting heart generates to eject blood.
what are the factors that regulate blood pressure?
cardiac output
peripheral vascular resistance
baroreceptors/chemoreceptors
hormones
what is blood pressure determined by?
cardiac output x peripheral resistance
mean arterial pressure in arteries throughout the cardiac cycle depends on the elastic properties
of the arterial walls and the mean volume of blood.
what alters peripheral vascular resistance?
sympathetic nervous system
renin/angiotensin II
increase in blood viscosity
what can alter cardiac output?
heart rate, stroke volume, or both
what happens if there's an increase in cardiac output without a decrease in peripheral
resistance?
mean arterial pressure and flow rate of blood increases.
, what happens if there's a decrease in cardiac output and peripheral resistance is constant?
drop in mean arterial pressure and arteriolar flow
total peripheral resistance is primarily a function of?
arteriolar diameter
what happens to the blood flow if there's high blood pressure?
higher blood flow through arterioles
what happens if cardiac output is constant?
arteriolar constriction raises the mean arterial pressure by reducing blood flow in the capillaries
what are the reflex control of the cardiac output and peripheral resistance?
sympathetic nervous system stimulates the heart, arterioles, and veins
parasympathetic nervous systems stimulates the cardiovascular centre of the medulla where it
receives input from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.
what are baroreceptors?
responds to changes in the blood pressure and are stretch receptors.
what are the functions of baroreceptors?
alters rate of discharge and supply sensory information to the cardiovascular centre in the
brainstem.
what does the neural-reflex output from the baroreceptor reflexes influence?
short-term regulation of the vascular smooth muscle, resistance of arteries, myocardial
contractility, and heart rate.
where are the neural reflexes of the baroreceptor located?
aortic arch and carotid arteries.
what happens to the baroreceptor reflex if the blood pressure decreases?
100% CORECT ANSWERS!!
what is systolic blood pressure?
when the ventricles contract and push blood.
what is diastolic blood pressure?
when the ventricles relax and the coronary arteries perfuse.
what is pulse pressure?
systolic minus diastolic pressure.
what is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
average pressure in arterial system during ventricular contraction and relaxation.
what is cardiac output?
amount of blood ventricles eject per minute.
what is stroke volume?
amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one contraction.
what is heart rate?
number of contractions of the heart per minute.
what is contractility?
strength and vigour of the heart's contraction during systole.
what is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
force opposing movement of blood within blood vessels.
what is preload (ventricular filling)?
the load on ventricle immediately before contraction.
,what is afterload?
the resistance the left ventricle must pump against; pressure or tension work of the heart; force
contracting heart generates to eject blood.
what are the factors that regulate blood pressure?
cardiac output
peripheral vascular resistance
baroreceptors/chemoreceptors
hormones
what is blood pressure determined by?
cardiac output x peripheral resistance
mean arterial pressure in arteries throughout the cardiac cycle depends on the elastic properties
of the arterial walls and the mean volume of blood.
what alters peripheral vascular resistance?
sympathetic nervous system
renin/angiotensin II
increase in blood viscosity
what can alter cardiac output?
heart rate, stroke volume, or both
what happens if there's an increase in cardiac output without a decrease in peripheral
resistance?
mean arterial pressure and flow rate of blood increases.
, what happens if there's a decrease in cardiac output and peripheral resistance is constant?
drop in mean arterial pressure and arteriolar flow
total peripheral resistance is primarily a function of?
arteriolar diameter
what happens to the blood flow if there's high blood pressure?
higher blood flow through arterioles
what happens if cardiac output is constant?
arteriolar constriction raises the mean arterial pressure by reducing blood flow in the capillaries
what are the reflex control of the cardiac output and peripheral resistance?
sympathetic nervous system stimulates the heart, arterioles, and veins
parasympathetic nervous systems stimulates the cardiovascular centre of the medulla where it
receives input from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.
what are baroreceptors?
responds to changes in the blood pressure and are stretch receptors.
what are the functions of baroreceptors?
alters rate of discharge and supply sensory information to the cardiovascular centre in the
brainstem.
what does the neural-reflex output from the baroreceptor reflexes influence?
short-term regulation of the vascular smooth muscle, resistance of arteries, myocardial
contractility, and heart rate.
where are the neural reflexes of the baroreceptor located?
aortic arch and carotid arteries.
what happens to the baroreceptor reflex if the blood pressure decreases?
