FINAL EXAM - NUR 1060C - HEALTH ASSESSMENT
(FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE FOR HEALTH
ASSESSMENT - FALL 2025) QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is the f(x) of lymph nodes?
drains excess fluid and will enlarge in an infection and pull
interstitial fluid back into vascular space
What is Kussmaul breathing?
Regularly irregular, fast and deep breathing, seen with pts in
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)/Type 1 diabetes, happens when
the pt is trying to expel CO2 irregularly regular
What's the difference between ischemic stroke vs hemorraghic
stroke?
ischemic stroke - tissue damage due to lack of oxygen, may not
see damage right away on a CT
hemmorrhagic stroke- tissue damage due to an active bleed and
increased intracranial pressure
What is Biot's breathing?
3 - 4 breaths followed by apnea...3-4 breaths >> apnea ,
irregular, seen with neurological injury, head trauma, grouped
breaths followed by apnea "grouped breaths)
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
the diaphragm contracts and flattens out to allow the lungs to
elongate from T10 to T12
,What is 2 point distinction?
paper clip test, it shows how sensors are distributed in your body
What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?
the diaphragm relaxes and goes back into it's dome shape while
the lungs shorten back from T12 to T10
What is the difference between decorticate and decerbrate?
decorticate = flexion, score of 3, lesion on cerebral cortex
decerebrate = extension, score of 2, brain stem damage
What are some normal breath sounds and where do you typically
hear each type?
Bronchial (trachea/larynx) - inspiration < expiration | High pitch
Bronchiovesicular (1st+2nd intercostal spaces anterior upper
sternum or posterior between scapula) - inspiration = expiration |
moderate pitch
Vesicular (peripheral lung fields) - inspiration > expiration | low
pitch
What is the f(x) of the MS system?
support, movement, protection of vital organs (heart and lungs)
and bones are involved in hematopoiesis
ADLs i.e. brushing teeth and hair
What is Atelectasis?
collapsed lung or part of the alveoli due to airway obstruction,
lung compression, lack of surfactant
What is another word for movement?
,articulation
What is Stridor?
EMERGENT SITUATION - no air is getting in, heard during
inspiration
What does the bone act as a reservoir for?
calcium, phosporus
What is bursa?
a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, they act as a cushion
bursitis = inflammation/pain in the bursa
How is skeletal muscle different from other types of muscle?
it is voluntary, it is under our control, ADLs
What is wheezing?
Rhonchi, heard mostly on expiration, lower pitched, occurs with
narrow airways this is why bronchodilators or steroids are used
with pts with wheezing due to asthma, described as a musical
sound
What are crackles or rales?
Abnormal breath sounds mostly heard on inspiration,
categorized as short continuous popping sounds
- Coarse = straw/coconut example, air passing through
secretions in the upper respiratory tract, low pitch
bubbling/gurgling
- Fine = high pitched, poopping, occurs due to deflated airways
opening or sudden closure of the airways
, How would issues with the wrist and hand manifest in pts?
handles ADLS/ high ADLs like fne motor skills, they wouldn't
be able to write, have difficulty driving, wiping, making a fist
What is the difference between atherosclerosis and
arteriosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of a blood vessel due the
accumulation of fatty plaque and arteriosclerosis is the
thickening of the arteries causing increased BP and narrower
blood vessel
What is the difference between the right side of lungs and the
left side of the lungs?
Right lungs = 3 lobes and shorter than the left side of the lungs
because of the position of the liver
Left lungs = 2 lobes and "skinnier" due to the positioning of the
heart which closer to the left side
How would issues with the hip manifest in pts?
- helps support the body while walking and running or standing
"once they break the hip that's the beginning of the end"
- damage to the hip can cause immobility, can't check their mail,
can't stand to cook, will they need a mobility device
How would issues with the knee manifest in pts?
one of the main joints in LTC and rehab, difficult
sitting/standing up, how can they drive a car
What is orthopnea?
difficulty breathing when laying down?
(FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE FOR HEALTH
ASSESSMENT - FALL 2025) QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is the f(x) of lymph nodes?
drains excess fluid and will enlarge in an infection and pull
interstitial fluid back into vascular space
What is Kussmaul breathing?
Regularly irregular, fast and deep breathing, seen with pts in
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)/Type 1 diabetes, happens when
the pt is trying to expel CO2 irregularly regular
What's the difference between ischemic stroke vs hemorraghic
stroke?
ischemic stroke - tissue damage due to lack of oxygen, may not
see damage right away on a CT
hemmorrhagic stroke- tissue damage due to an active bleed and
increased intracranial pressure
What is Biot's breathing?
3 - 4 breaths followed by apnea...3-4 breaths >> apnea ,
irregular, seen with neurological injury, head trauma, grouped
breaths followed by apnea "grouped breaths)
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
the diaphragm contracts and flattens out to allow the lungs to
elongate from T10 to T12
,What is 2 point distinction?
paper clip test, it shows how sensors are distributed in your body
What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?
the diaphragm relaxes and goes back into it's dome shape while
the lungs shorten back from T12 to T10
What is the difference between decorticate and decerbrate?
decorticate = flexion, score of 3, lesion on cerebral cortex
decerebrate = extension, score of 2, brain stem damage
What are some normal breath sounds and where do you typically
hear each type?
Bronchial (trachea/larynx) - inspiration < expiration | High pitch
Bronchiovesicular (1st+2nd intercostal spaces anterior upper
sternum or posterior between scapula) - inspiration = expiration |
moderate pitch
Vesicular (peripheral lung fields) - inspiration > expiration | low
pitch
What is the f(x) of the MS system?
support, movement, protection of vital organs (heart and lungs)
and bones are involved in hematopoiesis
ADLs i.e. brushing teeth and hair
What is Atelectasis?
collapsed lung or part of the alveoli due to airway obstruction,
lung compression, lack of surfactant
What is another word for movement?
,articulation
What is Stridor?
EMERGENT SITUATION - no air is getting in, heard during
inspiration
What does the bone act as a reservoir for?
calcium, phosporus
What is bursa?
a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, they act as a cushion
bursitis = inflammation/pain in the bursa
How is skeletal muscle different from other types of muscle?
it is voluntary, it is under our control, ADLs
What is wheezing?
Rhonchi, heard mostly on expiration, lower pitched, occurs with
narrow airways this is why bronchodilators or steroids are used
with pts with wheezing due to asthma, described as a musical
sound
What are crackles or rales?
Abnormal breath sounds mostly heard on inspiration,
categorized as short continuous popping sounds
- Coarse = straw/coconut example, air passing through
secretions in the upper respiratory tract, low pitch
bubbling/gurgling
- Fine = high pitched, poopping, occurs due to deflated airways
opening or sudden closure of the airways
, How would issues with the wrist and hand manifest in pts?
handles ADLS/ high ADLs like fne motor skills, they wouldn't
be able to write, have difficulty driving, wiping, making a fist
What is the difference between atherosclerosis and
arteriosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of a blood vessel due the
accumulation of fatty plaque and arteriosclerosis is the
thickening of the arteries causing increased BP and narrower
blood vessel
What is the difference between the right side of lungs and the
left side of the lungs?
Right lungs = 3 lobes and shorter than the left side of the lungs
because of the position of the liver
Left lungs = 2 lobes and "skinnier" due to the positioning of the
heart which closer to the left side
How would issues with the hip manifest in pts?
- helps support the body while walking and running or standing
"once they break the hip that's the beginning of the end"
- damage to the hip can cause immobility, can't check their mail,
can't stand to cook, will they need a mobility device
How would issues with the knee manifest in pts?
one of the main joints in LTC and rehab, difficult
sitting/standing up, how can they drive a car
What is orthopnea?
difficulty breathing when laying down?
