ECPI NUR 165 Ch 16 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Musculoskeletal system
Decreased muscle strength and muscle mass; shortening and
tightening of connective tissue; calcium leaves the bones,
resulting in weakness and brittleness
possible complications: Muscle atrophy (muscles decreasing,
occurs within 4-6 days)
Footdrop
Contractures
Osteoporosis (bone demineralization begins in 2-3 days, calcium
from bones enters into blood stream meaning pt's could be at
risk for a kidney stone)
cardiovascular system
Decreased cardiac output; pooling of blood in the extremities
aka venous stasis; increased cardiac workload
complications: orthostatic hypotension, blood clots
provide pt with compression stockings, encourage as much
movement as possible
respiratory system
Decreased respiratory muscle strength and decreased lung
expansion; impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange;
pooling of respiratory secretions
complications: Atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue due to lungs
not fully expanding)
, Hypoxemia
Hypostatic pneumonia
GI system
Decreased peristalsis; decreased appetite; increased intestinal
gas
complications: flatulence, distention, constipation
encourage sitting up in a chair, use a commode, no drinking
through straw, move pt every 2 hours, passive rom every 8
hours, eat a healthy diet, drink liquids, use an enema if no bm in
3 days
urinary system
Pooling of urine in the renal pelvis; incomplete emptying of the
bladder; increased calcium in the blood to be filtered by the
kidneys
uti's, renal calculi
encourage voiding, pt should void every 8 hours, if not do u/s to
see if there's urinary retention
integumentary system
Decreased oxygen and nutrients to tissues; skin and capillaries
compressed between the bed and bony prominences
pressure injuries
neurological system
Decreased oxygenated blood circulating to nerves trapped
between the bed and bone; decrease in normal cues and
activities; decreased balance when initially out of bed
Compression neuropathy
SOLUTIONS
Musculoskeletal system
Decreased muscle strength and muscle mass; shortening and
tightening of connective tissue; calcium leaves the bones,
resulting in weakness and brittleness
possible complications: Muscle atrophy (muscles decreasing,
occurs within 4-6 days)
Footdrop
Contractures
Osteoporosis (bone demineralization begins in 2-3 days, calcium
from bones enters into blood stream meaning pt's could be at
risk for a kidney stone)
cardiovascular system
Decreased cardiac output; pooling of blood in the extremities
aka venous stasis; increased cardiac workload
complications: orthostatic hypotension, blood clots
provide pt with compression stockings, encourage as much
movement as possible
respiratory system
Decreased respiratory muscle strength and decreased lung
expansion; impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange;
pooling of respiratory secretions
complications: Atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue due to lungs
not fully expanding)
, Hypoxemia
Hypostatic pneumonia
GI system
Decreased peristalsis; decreased appetite; increased intestinal
gas
complications: flatulence, distention, constipation
encourage sitting up in a chair, use a commode, no drinking
through straw, move pt every 2 hours, passive rom every 8
hours, eat a healthy diet, drink liquids, use an enema if no bm in
3 days
urinary system
Pooling of urine in the renal pelvis; incomplete emptying of the
bladder; increased calcium in the blood to be filtered by the
kidneys
uti's, renal calculi
encourage voiding, pt should void every 8 hours, if not do u/s to
see if there's urinary retention
integumentary system
Decreased oxygen and nutrients to tissues; skin and capillaries
compressed between the bed and bony prominences
pressure injuries
neurological system
Decreased oxygenated blood circulating to nerves trapped
between the bed and bone; decrease in normal cues and
activities; decreased balance when initially out of bed
Compression neuropathy
