NUR 566 WEEK 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What are the major antibiotic drug classes - Answer -Beta-lactams: penicillins
Beta-lactams: Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracyclines and macrolides
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, &nitrofurantoin
What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy - Answer -kill bacteria without harming
host tissue
Bactericidal antibiotics - Answer -directly kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic antibiotics - Answer -Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather
inhibit bacterial proliferation while the hosts immune system does the killing
Which antibiotics are preferred for immunocompromised patients: bactericidal or
bacteriostatic - Answer -bactericidal
Which antibiotics are preferred for patients with an overwhelming infection: bactericidal
or bacteriostatic - Answer -bactericidal
Broad spectrum antibiotics - Answer -affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-
negative bacteria
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - Answer -Effective against specific bacteria
Which is used for empiric therapy: narrow or broad - Answer -broad spectrum
Risks of Broad Spectrum - Answer -disruption of normal floral
Increases risk of development of antibiotic resistance
Which antibiotics increase the risk of antibiotic resistance: narrow or broad spectrum
and why - Answer -Broad spectrum because they kill more competing organisms than
narrow spectrum drugs
Is narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics preferred - Answer -narrow is preferred when
possible.
Broad spectrum only used when pathogen is unknown or when multiple types of
bacteria is suspected
Bactericidal drugs - Answer -Aminoglycosides
Beta-lactams
Fluoroquinolones
, Metronidazole
Vancomycin
Streptogramins
Most antimycobacterial agents (rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, etc)
Bacteriostatic drugs - Answer -clindamycin
Macrolides
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
When is empiric therapy used? - Answer -when treatment is started without cultures or
when culture results are not back yet
Who needs empiric therapy - Answer -critically ill pts after first set of cxs
Hospitalized pts until css are available
Ambulatory pts based on clinical presentation
Penicillins MOA - Answer -inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
Penicillins primarily excreted how - Answer -in urine
What needs to be monitored when giving penicillins - Answer -renal function
What happens if renal insufficiency occurs while giving penicillins - Answer -prolonged
half-life leading to toxicity
Penicillin distribution - Answer --Well distributed to most body tissues
-Penetration to CSF and eye tissues poor in absence of inflammation
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive drugs - Answer -penicillin G
Penicillin V
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens - Answer -streptococci,
Neisseria, anaerobes
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant drugs - Answer -naficillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens - Answer -S. Aureus
Streptococci
Broad-spectrum penicillins - Answer -Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Broad-spectrum penicillins susceptible pathogens - Answer -E.coli
What are the major antibiotic drug classes - Answer -Beta-lactams: penicillins
Beta-lactams: Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracyclines and macrolides
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, &nitrofurantoin
What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy - Answer -kill bacteria without harming
host tissue
Bactericidal antibiotics - Answer -directly kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic antibiotics - Answer -Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather
inhibit bacterial proliferation while the hosts immune system does the killing
Which antibiotics are preferred for immunocompromised patients: bactericidal or
bacteriostatic - Answer -bactericidal
Which antibiotics are preferred for patients with an overwhelming infection: bactericidal
or bacteriostatic - Answer -bactericidal
Broad spectrum antibiotics - Answer -affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-
negative bacteria
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - Answer -Effective against specific bacteria
Which is used for empiric therapy: narrow or broad - Answer -broad spectrum
Risks of Broad Spectrum - Answer -disruption of normal floral
Increases risk of development of antibiotic resistance
Which antibiotics increase the risk of antibiotic resistance: narrow or broad spectrum
and why - Answer -Broad spectrum because they kill more competing organisms than
narrow spectrum drugs
Is narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics preferred - Answer -narrow is preferred when
possible.
Broad spectrum only used when pathogen is unknown or when multiple types of
bacteria is suspected
Bactericidal drugs - Answer -Aminoglycosides
Beta-lactams
Fluoroquinolones
, Metronidazole
Vancomycin
Streptogramins
Most antimycobacterial agents (rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, etc)
Bacteriostatic drugs - Answer -clindamycin
Macrolides
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
When is empiric therapy used? - Answer -when treatment is started without cultures or
when culture results are not back yet
Who needs empiric therapy - Answer -critically ill pts after first set of cxs
Hospitalized pts until css are available
Ambulatory pts based on clinical presentation
Penicillins MOA - Answer -inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
Penicillins primarily excreted how - Answer -in urine
What needs to be monitored when giving penicillins - Answer -renal function
What happens if renal insufficiency occurs while giving penicillins - Answer -prolonged
half-life leading to toxicity
Penicillin distribution - Answer --Well distributed to most body tissues
-Penetration to CSF and eye tissues poor in absence of inflammation
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive drugs - Answer -penicillin G
Penicillin V
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens - Answer -streptococci,
Neisseria, anaerobes
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant drugs - Answer -naficillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens - Answer -S. Aureus
Streptococci
Broad-spectrum penicillins - Answer -Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Broad-spectrum penicillins susceptible pathogens - Answer -E.coli
