WGU C190 Biology Final Exam Preparation 2024 EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
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Tumor suppressor gene - ANSWER-A gene that codes for
regulator proteins
that prevent the cell from undergoing
uncontrolled division.
Photo-oncogene - ANSWER-Genes that encourage cell division.
Mutation - ANSWER-A rare change in the DNA of a gene,
ultimately creating
genetic
diversity.
Mutagen - ANSWER-A chemical or physical agent that interacts
with DNA and
causes a
mutation.
Carcinogen - ANSWER-Cancer causing mutagen.
,Sister chromatid - ANSWER-One of a pair of identical
chromosomes created
before a cell
divides.
Prophase - ANSWER-Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
integral protein - ANSWER-In order to carry out their functions,
some proteins
need to be embedded in the membrane. These proteins are
called integral
proteins.
peripheral protein - ANSWER-Proteins that are attached to the
inner or outer
surface of a membrane are called
peripheral proteins.
phospholipid bilayer - ANSWER-the fabric of the membrane.
The structure causes the membrane to be semipermeable. The
hydrophobic core blocks the diffusion of hydrophilic ions and
polar molecules. Small hydrophobic molecules and gases,
which can dissolve in the membrane's core, cross it with ease.
,sterol - ANSWER-used by some cells to maintain proper
membrane fluidity.
Active Transport - ANSWER-moving molecules against their
concentration gradient. This is a non spontaneous process and
requires the cell to do work to move the ions 'uphill' against the
concentration gradient. To do work, the cell must expend
energy and actively move (pump) the ions.
Concentration gradient - ANSWER-the process of particles,
which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution
or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area
with a lower number of particles. The areas are typically
separated by a membrane.
diffusion - ANSWER-The passing of molecules through the
membrane into the
cell.
endocytosis - ANSWER-material is engulfed within an
infolding of the plasma
membrane and then brought into the cell within a
cytoplasmic vesicle.
, exocytosis - ANSWER-an internal vesicle fuses with the plasma
membrane and
releases its contents to the
outside.
facilitated diffusion - ANSWER-The process of moving
impermeable molecules
across a membrane (down their concentration gradients)
using channels or
pores.
osmosis - ANSWER-A process by which molecules of a solvent
tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less
concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus
equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
selective permeability - ANSWER-The cell membrane provides
a semipermeable barrier between the inside and the outside of
the cell. The phospholipid bilayer structure of the membrane
allows selected ions and organic molecules to pass through
the plasma membrane and regulates the movement of
molecular substances.
simple diffusion - ANSWER-Both large and small molecules
spontaneously move from areas of high concentration to areas
And CorrectAnswers | 100% Verified Solutions | Already passed!!
Tumor suppressor gene - ANSWER-A gene that codes for
regulator proteins
that prevent the cell from undergoing
uncontrolled division.
Photo-oncogene - ANSWER-Genes that encourage cell division.
Mutation - ANSWER-A rare change in the DNA of a gene,
ultimately creating
genetic
diversity.
Mutagen - ANSWER-A chemical or physical agent that interacts
with DNA and
causes a
mutation.
Carcinogen - ANSWER-Cancer causing mutagen.
,Sister chromatid - ANSWER-One of a pair of identical
chromosomes created
before a cell
divides.
Prophase - ANSWER-Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
integral protein - ANSWER-In order to carry out their functions,
some proteins
need to be embedded in the membrane. These proteins are
called integral
proteins.
peripheral protein - ANSWER-Proteins that are attached to the
inner or outer
surface of a membrane are called
peripheral proteins.
phospholipid bilayer - ANSWER-the fabric of the membrane.
The structure causes the membrane to be semipermeable. The
hydrophobic core blocks the diffusion of hydrophilic ions and
polar molecules. Small hydrophobic molecules and gases,
which can dissolve in the membrane's core, cross it with ease.
,sterol - ANSWER-used by some cells to maintain proper
membrane fluidity.
Active Transport - ANSWER-moving molecules against their
concentration gradient. This is a non spontaneous process and
requires the cell to do work to move the ions 'uphill' against the
concentration gradient. To do work, the cell must expend
energy and actively move (pump) the ions.
Concentration gradient - ANSWER-the process of particles,
which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution
or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area
with a lower number of particles. The areas are typically
separated by a membrane.
diffusion - ANSWER-The passing of molecules through the
membrane into the
cell.
endocytosis - ANSWER-material is engulfed within an
infolding of the plasma
membrane and then brought into the cell within a
cytoplasmic vesicle.
, exocytosis - ANSWER-an internal vesicle fuses with the plasma
membrane and
releases its contents to the
outside.
facilitated diffusion - ANSWER-The process of moving
impermeable molecules
across a membrane (down their concentration gradients)
using channels or
pores.
osmosis - ANSWER-A process by which molecules of a solvent
tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less
concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus
equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
selective permeability - ANSWER-The cell membrane provides
a semipermeable barrier between the inside and the outside of
the cell. The phospholipid bilayer structure of the membrane
allows selected ions and organic molecules to pass through
the plasma membrane and regulates the movement of
molecular substances.
simple diffusion - ANSWER-Both large and small molecules
spontaneously move from areas of high concentration to areas
