NUR 1400 Exam 4 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-2026
Macro nutritents - Answers Supply enegery and build tissue (carbs, fats, and proteins)
Micro nutrients - Answers Smaller amounts; regulate and control body processes (vitamins and
minerals)
Basal Metabolic Rate; Metabolism - Answers Energy required to carry on the body's involuntary
activities at rest
Underweight BMI - Answers less than 18.5
Healthy Weight BMI - Answers 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight BMI - Answers 25 to 29.9
Obesity BMI - Answers 30 to 39.9
Extreme Obesity BMI - Answers greater than 40
Carbohydrates - Answers Sugar, Starch, and Fiber; 45-65% of daily calories; converted for energy
Protein - Answers Provides energy, stimulates cell repair and growth, and promotes
development through lifespan (10-35% of calorie intake)
Fats - Answers Lipids: Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Phospholipids; Saturated = solid at room temp;
Unsaturated - liquid at room temp; help with vitamin absorption
Lipid Normal Blood Ranges - Answers Cholesterol = less than 200
Triglycerides = less than 150
LDL = less than 100
HDL = less than 40-50
Hyperlipidemia - Answers High Cholesterol; Liver and intestines metabolize excess lipids, leads
to atherosclerosis; leads to Coronary Artery Disease, cardiovascular disease, HF
Diabetes - Answers Blood sugar level 70-120; not enough insulin; type 1 = genetic; type 2 =
lifestyle
Hyperglycemia Symptoms - Answers Hot and dry; high blood sugar
Hypoglycemia Symptoms - Answers Cold and Clammy; low blood sugar
Digestive Pathway - Answers mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum, anus
, Mouth - Answers Food enters and mixes with saliva
Pharynx - Answers passageway for air and food
Esophagus - Answers A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Stomach - Answers Churns the ingested food, mixing it with substances to break it down
Small Intestine - Answers Secretes enzymes, which along with secretions from Liver, Gall
Bladder, and Pancreas digest the food
Large Intestine - Answers reabsorbs some water and ions, forms and stores feces
Window Theory of Food Minerals - Answers Intake below certain amount = deficient symptoms;
intake above a certain amount = toxic effects
Vitamin Functions - Answers Do not provide calories; facilitate thousands of chemical reactions
that metabolize carbs, fats, and proteins that make use of the nutrients
Vitamin A (retinol) - Answers Virtual acuity; mucous membrane maintenance; growth of bones
and teeth; immune function
Vitamin B - Answers Facilitates creation of ATP from glucose; formation of RBCs, RNA and DNA
synthesis; formation of the heme group in hemoglobin
Vitamin C - Answers Enhances Iron Absorption; collagen formation; antioxidant (slows aging)
Vitamin D - Answers Essential for adequate calcium absorption; stored in the bones
Vitamin E - Answers Antioxidant, helps protect wall of cells
Vitamin K - Answers Synthesis of proteins necessary for blood clotting
Minerals Function - Answers Provide structure with the body and help regulate body processes
Calcium - Answers Bone and tooth formation; blood clotting; nerve transmission; muscle
contraction
Phosphorus - Answers Bone and tooth formation; acid-base balance; energy metabolism
Magnesium - Answers Bone and tooth formation; protein synthesis; carbohydrate metabolism;
REGULATION of nerve and muscle function, BP, and BSugar
Sodium - Answers Major ion in extracellular fluid; fluid balance; acid base balance (we consume
average of 3400mg/day; should consume less than 2300mg)
Potassium - Answers Major ion of intracellular fluid; fluid balance; acid base balance
Chloride - Answers Component of hydrochloric acid in stomach; fluid balance; acid base balance
Macro nutritents - Answers Supply enegery and build tissue (carbs, fats, and proteins)
Micro nutrients - Answers Smaller amounts; regulate and control body processes (vitamins and
minerals)
Basal Metabolic Rate; Metabolism - Answers Energy required to carry on the body's involuntary
activities at rest
Underweight BMI - Answers less than 18.5
Healthy Weight BMI - Answers 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight BMI - Answers 25 to 29.9
Obesity BMI - Answers 30 to 39.9
Extreme Obesity BMI - Answers greater than 40
Carbohydrates - Answers Sugar, Starch, and Fiber; 45-65% of daily calories; converted for energy
Protein - Answers Provides energy, stimulates cell repair and growth, and promotes
development through lifespan (10-35% of calorie intake)
Fats - Answers Lipids: Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Phospholipids; Saturated = solid at room temp;
Unsaturated - liquid at room temp; help with vitamin absorption
Lipid Normal Blood Ranges - Answers Cholesterol = less than 200
Triglycerides = less than 150
LDL = less than 100
HDL = less than 40-50
Hyperlipidemia - Answers High Cholesterol; Liver and intestines metabolize excess lipids, leads
to atherosclerosis; leads to Coronary Artery Disease, cardiovascular disease, HF
Diabetes - Answers Blood sugar level 70-120; not enough insulin; type 1 = genetic; type 2 =
lifestyle
Hyperglycemia Symptoms - Answers Hot and dry; high blood sugar
Hypoglycemia Symptoms - Answers Cold and Clammy; low blood sugar
Digestive Pathway - Answers mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum, anus
, Mouth - Answers Food enters and mixes with saliva
Pharynx - Answers passageway for air and food
Esophagus - Answers A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Stomach - Answers Churns the ingested food, mixing it with substances to break it down
Small Intestine - Answers Secretes enzymes, which along with secretions from Liver, Gall
Bladder, and Pancreas digest the food
Large Intestine - Answers reabsorbs some water and ions, forms and stores feces
Window Theory of Food Minerals - Answers Intake below certain amount = deficient symptoms;
intake above a certain amount = toxic effects
Vitamin Functions - Answers Do not provide calories; facilitate thousands of chemical reactions
that metabolize carbs, fats, and proteins that make use of the nutrients
Vitamin A (retinol) - Answers Virtual acuity; mucous membrane maintenance; growth of bones
and teeth; immune function
Vitamin B - Answers Facilitates creation of ATP from glucose; formation of RBCs, RNA and DNA
synthesis; formation of the heme group in hemoglobin
Vitamin C - Answers Enhances Iron Absorption; collagen formation; antioxidant (slows aging)
Vitamin D - Answers Essential for adequate calcium absorption; stored in the bones
Vitamin E - Answers Antioxidant, helps protect wall of cells
Vitamin K - Answers Synthesis of proteins necessary for blood clotting
Minerals Function - Answers Provide structure with the body and help regulate body processes
Calcium - Answers Bone and tooth formation; blood clotting; nerve transmission; muscle
contraction
Phosphorus - Answers Bone and tooth formation; acid-base balance; energy metabolism
Magnesium - Answers Bone and tooth formation; protein synthesis; carbohydrate metabolism;
REGULATION of nerve and muscle function, BP, and BSugar
Sodium - Answers Major ion in extracellular fluid; fluid balance; acid base balance (we consume
average of 3400mg/day; should consume less than 2300mg)
Potassium - Answers Major ion of intracellular fluid; fluid balance; acid base balance
Chloride - Answers Component of hydrochloric acid in stomach; fluid balance; acid base balance
