CSD 410 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-2026
What are some of the shifting findings from research regarding reading and writing? - Answers
1. preschool = sole reliance on oral input
2. school aged = learning to read
3. 8-10 years = more and more input from text
4. Reading = highly individualized
Research: What provides the foundation for reading and writing? - Answers Oral Language
Research: What kind of knowledge in kindergarten is related to 7th grade reading skills? -
Answers Vocabulary Knowledge
Research: How does a child being behind in literacy in 1st grade relate to literacy in 4th grade? -
Answers 88% chance that children behind in literacy during 1st grade will remain behind when
they reach 4th grade.
Research: When do we begin to read and write? - Answers these skills develop in early life
Research: How are reading and writing development related to each other? - Answers Reading
and writing develop concurrently and interrelatedly in young children
Research: How are real life situations used to develop literacy? - Answers Literacy develops
from real life situations in which reading and writing are used to get things done
Research: What is the mechanism through which children learn literacy? - Answers Active
engagement (asking questions about the book, engaging in conversation about what is
happening in the book)
Research: How do parents play a special role in the literacy development of the young child? -
Answers Being read to is extremely important in literacy development.
Research: What does reading science tell us about effective literacy instruction? - Answers -
reading instruction needs to be explicit
-children's interest and pleasure in reading must be as much a focus as developing their reading
skills
What are emergent literacy skills? - Answers skills that are a precursor to reading abilities
Examples of emergent literacy skills - Answers -Print motivation
-Vocabulary
-Print awareness
, -Narrative skill
-letter knowledge
-phonologic awareness
What are the roles of the SLP with respect to reading and writing? - Answers ASHA includes
comprehension and expression of written language as a service that should be provided in the
treatment of language disorders
-also mentions preliteracy and language based literacy skills.
What are the roles of the AuD with respect to reading and writing? - Answers -audiologists
understand the role that hearing plays in development of reading and writing
-reading problems can stem from auditory processing disorders
-audiologists can help educate parents on teaching reading and writing for children with APD
What are the developmental stages of reading as described by Chall? - Answers 1. initial
reading/decoding
2. confirm, fluency, unglue from print
3. reading to learn
4. multiple viewpoints
5. construct and reconstruct: world view (college)
Chall - Stage 1: Initial reading and decoding - Answers *Covers K-1st grade years*
1. substitute a logical word for one they do not know (barking/growling)
2. substitute words look like the printed word (green/growling)
3. substitute words semantically acceptable and graphically accurate (growing/going)
Chall - Stage 2: Confirmation, fluency, ungluing - Answers *2nd-3rd grade*
1. experience confirmation that what they are reading is correct
2. gain fluency and speed
3. unglue from print - reading is more automatic (i.e. sight words)
Chall stage 3: reading to learn - Answers *grade 4 to 8/9*
Two Phases:
What are some of the shifting findings from research regarding reading and writing? - Answers
1. preschool = sole reliance on oral input
2. school aged = learning to read
3. 8-10 years = more and more input from text
4. Reading = highly individualized
Research: What provides the foundation for reading and writing? - Answers Oral Language
Research: What kind of knowledge in kindergarten is related to 7th grade reading skills? -
Answers Vocabulary Knowledge
Research: How does a child being behind in literacy in 1st grade relate to literacy in 4th grade? -
Answers 88% chance that children behind in literacy during 1st grade will remain behind when
they reach 4th grade.
Research: When do we begin to read and write? - Answers these skills develop in early life
Research: How are reading and writing development related to each other? - Answers Reading
and writing develop concurrently and interrelatedly in young children
Research: How are real life situations used to develop literacy? - Answers Literacy develops
from real life situations in which reading and writing are used to get things done
Research: What is the mechanism through which children learn literacy? - Answers Active
engagement (asking questions about the book, engaging in conversation about what is
happening in the book)
Research: How do parents play a special role in the literacy development of the young child? -
Answers Being read to is extremely important in literacy development.
Research: What does reading science tell us about effective literacy instruction? - Answers -
reading instruction needs to be explicit
-children's interest and pleasure in reading must be as much a focus as developing their reading
skills
What are emergent literacy skills? - Answers skills that are a precursor to reading abilities
Examples of emergent literacy skills - Answers -Print motivation
-Vocabulary
-Print awareness
, -Narrative skill
-letter knowledge
-phonologic awareness
What are the roles of the SLP with respect to reading and writing? - Answers ASHA includes
comprehension and expression of written language as a service that should be provided in the
treatment of language disorders
-also mentions preliteracy and language based literacy skills.
What are the roles of the AuD with respect to reading and writing? - Answers -audiologists
understand the role that hearing plays in development of reading and writing
-reading problems can stem from auditory processing disorders
-audiologists can help educate parents on teaching reading and writing for children with APD
What are the developmental stages of reading as described by Chall? - Answers 1. initial
reading/decoding
2. confirm, fluency, unglue from print
3. reading to learn
4. multiple viewpoints
5. construct and reconstruct: world view (college)
Chall - Stage 1: Initial reading and decoding - Answers *Covers K-1st grade years*
1. substitute a logical word for one they do not know (barking/growling)
2. substitute words look like the printed word (green/growling)
3. substitute words semantically acceptable and graphically accurate (growing/going)
Chall - Stage 2: Confirmation, fluency, ungluing - Answers *2nd-3rd grade*
1. experience confirmation that what they are reading is correct
2. gain fluency and speed
3. unglue from print - reading is more automatic (i.e. sight words)
Chall stage 3: reading to learn - Answers *grade 4 to 8/9*
Two Phases:
