Test Bank Pharmacology A Patient-Centered
Nursing Process Approach 2025 With Questions
and Answers 100% Pass Solution
1. A patient who has atrial fibrillation is taking digoxin. The nurse expects
which medication to be given concurrently to treat this condition?
a. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
b. Inamrinone (Inocor)
d. Warfarin (Coumadin) - >>ANS:
ANSWERD
Digoxin is given for atrial fibrillation to restore a normal heart rhythm. To
c. Milrinone (Primacore)
prevent thromboemboli, warfarin is given concurrently.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication. Inamrinone and milrinone are
inotropic agents that would be used instead of digoxin.
2. A patient is diagnosed with heart failure, and the prescriber has ordered
digoxin. The patient asks what lifestyle changes will help in the
management of this condition. The nurse will recommend which changes?
a. Aerobic exercise and weight lifting 2 or 3 times weekly
b. Changing from cigarette smoking to pipe smoking
c. Consuming 2 teaspoons or less of salt every day
d. Having no more than one alcoholic beverage per day - ANSWER
>>ANS:
D
Alcohol should either be completely avoided or restricted to no more than
one per day. Mild exercise, such as
walking, is recommended. All nicotine deprives the heart of oxygen. Salt
should be limited to no more than one teaspoon per day. DIF:
COGNITIVE LEVEL:
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
has increasing dyspnea and is being evaluated for heart failure
,(HF). Which test will be ordered to help differentiate between
dyspnea due to lung dysfunction and dyspnea due to HF?
a. Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) level
b. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level
d. Electrocardiogram (ECG) - ANSWER >>ANS:
B
The BNP is used to differentiate that dyspnea is due to HF and not lung
c. Cardiac enzymes
dysfunction. The other tests will all be a part of the diagnostic workup
but do not help with this distinction.
4. The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a patient who has heart
failure. The patient reports nausea, vomiting, and a headache. The nurse
notes a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 58 beats
per minute, and a blood pressure of 120/78 mm Hg. What will the nurse do
next?
a. Administer the next dose as ordered since these are mild side effects.
b. Hold the dose and notify the provider of possible digoxin toxicity. c.
Reassure the patient that these are common, self-limiting side effects.
ANSWER >>ANS:
B
Nausea, vomiting, and headache are common signs of digoxin toxicity as is
d. Request an order for an antiemetic and an analgesic medication. -
a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. The nurse should hold the dose
and notify the provider. DIF:
COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)
5. The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking digoxin to treat heart
failure. The patients electrocardiogram
shows a ventricular dysrhythmia. The nurse will notify the provider and will
anticipate an order for which medication? a.
Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
b. Furosemide (Lasix)
c. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
,d. Potassium - >>ANS: C
ANSWER
The antidysrhythmics phenytoin and lidocaine are effective in treating
digoxin-induced ventricular dysrhythmias. Digoxin immune Fab is used to
treat severe digitalis toxicity, characterized by bradycardia, nausea, and
vomiting. Unless a potassium deficit is present, giving potassium could
worsen the dysrhythmia. DIF:
COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)
6. A patient who takes digoxin to treat heart failure will begin taking a
vasodilator. The patient asks the nurse
why this new drug has been ordered. The nurse will explain that the
vasodilator is used to
a. decrease ventricular stretching.
. d. promote peripheral fluid loss. - >>ANS:
ANSWERA
Vasodilators are given to decrease venous blood return to the heart,
b. improve renal perfusion . c. increase cardiac output
resulting in decreased cardiac filling and decreased ventricular stretching,
in turn reducing preload, contractility, and oxygen demand on the heart.
7. The nurse performs a medication history and learns that the patient
takes a thiazide diuretic and digoxin
(Lanoxin). The nurse will question the patient to ensure that the patient
is also taking which medication? a. Cortisone b. Lidocaine
d. Potassium - >>ANS: D c.
ANSWER
If a patient is taking digoxin and a potassium-wasting diuretic such as
Nitroglycerin
thiazide, the patient should also take a
potassium supplement to prevent hypokalemia that could result in digoxin
toxicity. It is not necessary to take cortisone, lidocaine, or nitroglycerin
unless the patient has symptoms that warrant these drugs.
, 8. The nurse administers a dose of digoxin (Lanoxin) to a patient who has
heart failure and returns to the room later to reassess the patient. Which
finding indicates that the medication is effective?
a. Decreased dyspnea
b. Decreased urine output
d. Increased heart rate - >>ANS:
ANSWERA
The patient should show improvement in breathing and oxygenation. Urine
c. Increased blood pressure
output should increase. Blood pressure and heart rate will decrease.
9. A patient who has heart failure receives digoxin (Lanoxin) and an
angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitor. The patient will begin taking spironolactone (Aldactone).
The patient asks why the new drug is necessary. The nurse will tell
the patient that spironolactone will be given for which reason? a. To
enhance potassium excretion
b. To increase cardiac contractility
d. To provide cardioprotective effects - >>ANS:
ANSWERD
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks production of
c. To minimize fluid losses
aldosterone, causing improved heart
rate variability and decreased myocardial fibrosis. It is given in congestive
heart failure for its cardioprotective
effects. Spironolactone does not directly alter cardiac contractility but may
slightly decrease contractility if
fluid volume is decreased. It is a mild diuretic but is not given in this
instance to minimize fluid losses. DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Understanding
(Comprehension)
10. A patient who has stable angina pectoris is given nitroglycerin to use as
needed. In addition to
Nursing Process Approach 2025 With Questions
and Answers 100% Pass Solution
1. A patient who has atrial fibrillation is taking digoxin. The nurse expects
which medication to be given concurrently to treat this condition?
a. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
b. Inamrinone (Inocor)
d. Warfarin (Coumadin) - >>ANS:
ANSWERD
Digoxin is given for atrial fibrillation to restore a normal heart rhythm. To
c. Milrinone (Primacore)
prevent thromboemboli, warfarin is given concurrently.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication. Inamrinone and milrinone are
inotropic agents that would be used instead of digoxin.
2. A patient is diagnosed with heart failure, and the prescriber has ordered
digoxin. The patient asks what lifestyle changes will help in the
management of this condition. The nurse will recommend which changes?
a. Aerobic exercise and weight lifting 2 or 3 times weekly
b. Changing from cigarette smoking to pipe smoking
c. Consuming 2 teaspoons or less of salt every day
d. Having no more than one alcoholic beverage per day - ANSWER
>>ANS:
D
Alcohol should either be completely avoided or restricted to no more than
one per day. Mild exercise, such as
walking, is recommended. All nicotine deprives the heart of oxygen. Salt
should be limited to no more than one teaspoon per day. DIF:
COGNITIVE LEVEL:
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
has increasing dyspnea and is being evaluated for heart failure
,(HF). Which test will be ordered to help differentiate between
dyspnea due to lung dysfunction and dyspnea due to HF?
a. Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) level
b. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level
d. Electrocardiogram (ECG) - ANSWER >>ANS:
B
The BNP is used to differentiate that dyspnea is due to HF and not lung
c. Cardiac enzymes
dysfunction. The other tests will all be a part of the diagnostic workup
but do not help with this distinction.
4. The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a patient who has heart
failure. The patient reports nausea, vomiting, and a headache. The nurse
notes a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 58 beats
per minute, and a blood pressure of 120/78 mm Hg. What will the nurse do
next?
a. Administer the next dose as ordered since these are mild side effects.
b. Hold the dose and notify the provider of possible digoxin toxicity. c.
Reassure the patient that these are common, self-limiting side effects.
ANSWER >>ANS:
B
Nausea, vomiting, and headache are common signs of digoxin toxicity as is
d. Request an order for an antiemetic and an analgesic medication. -
a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. The nurse should hold the dose
and notify the provider. DIF:
COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)
5. The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking digoxin to treat heart
failure. The patients electrocardiogram
shows a ventricular dysrhythmia. The nurse will notify the provider and will
anticipate an order for which medication? a.
Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
b. Furosemide (Lasix)
c. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
,d. Potassium - >>ANS: C
ANSWER
The antidysrhythmics phenytoin and lidocaine are effective in treating
digoxin-induced ventricular dysrhythmias. Digoxin immune Fab is used to
treat severe digitalis toxicity, characterized by bradycardia, nausea, and
vomiting. Unless a potassium deficit is present, giving potassium could
worsen the dysrhythmia. DIF:
COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)
6. A patient who takes digoxin to treat heart failure will begin taking a
vasodilator. The patient asks the nurse
why this new drug has been ordered. The nurse will explain that the
vasodilator is used to
a. decrease ventricular stretching.
. d. promote peripheral fluid loss. - >>ANS:
ANSWERA
Vasodilators are given to decrease venous blood return to the heart,
b. improve renal perfusion . c. increase cardiac output
resulting in decreased cardiac filling and decreased ventricular stretching,
in turn reducing preload, contractility, and oxygen demand on the heart.
7. The nurse performs a medication history and learns that the patient
takes a thiazide diuretic and digoxin
(Lanoxin). The nurse will question the patient to ensure that the patient
is also taking which medication? a. Cortisone b. Lidocaine
d. Potassium - >>ANS: D c.
ANSWER
If a patient is taking digoxin and a potassium-wasting diuretic such as
Nitroglycerin
thiazide, the patient should also take a
potassium supplement to prevent hypokalemia that could result in digoxin
toxicity. It is not necessary to take cortisone, lidocaine, or nitroglycerin
unless the patient has symptoms that warrant these drugs.
, 8. The nurse administers a dose of digoxin (Lanoxin) to a patient who has
heart failure and returns to the room later to reassess the patient. Which
finding indicates that the medication is effective?
a. Decreased dyspnea
b. Decreased urine output
d. Increased heart rate - >>ANS:
ANSWERA
The patient should show improvement in breathing and oxygenation. Urine
c. Increased blood pressure
output should increase. Blood pressure and heart rate will decrease.
9. A patient who has heart failure receives digoxin (Lanoxin) and an
angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitor. The patient will begin taking spironolactone (Aldactone).
The patient asks why the new drug is necessary. The nurse will tell
the patient that spironolactone will be given for which reason? a. To
enhance potassium excretion
b. To increase cardiac contractility
d. To provide cardioprotective effects - >>ANS:
ANSWERD
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks production of
c. To minimize fluid losses
aldosterone, causing improved heart
rate variability and decreased myocardial fibrosis. It is given in congestive
heart failure for its cardioprotective
effects. Spironolactone does not directly alter cardiac contractility but may
slightly decrease contractility if
fluid volume is decreased. It is a mild diuretic but is not given in this
instance to minimize fluid losses. DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Understanding
(Comprehension)
10. A patient who has stable angina pectoris is given nitroglycerin to use as
needed. In addition to
