Exam 4, FNDH 400 Dr. Lindshield, Practice Exams
Questions With Complete Solutions
. Warfarin thins blood by decreasing the absorption of vitamin
A. T F Correct Answers False
Warfarin thins blood by decreasing the REGENERATION of
VITAMINi K
1,25(OH)D2 binding to RXR increases the synthesis of
calcitonin, which increases
absorption of calcium.
T F Correct Answers False
1,25(OH)2D binding to VDR increases the synthesis of
CALBINDIN, which increases absorption of calcium
25(OH)D is the active form of vitamin D, which is created by
25-hydroxylase
in the kidney.
T F Correct Answers False
25(OH)D is the CIRCULATING of vitamin D created by 25-
Hydroxylase in the LIVER
8. Atrophic gastritis leads to a decrease in haptocorrin, which
causes a decrease
in the absorption of menaquinone.
T F Correct Answers False- Atrophic gastritis leads to a
decrease in INTRINSIC FACTOR, which causes a decrease in
the absorption of menaquinone
aName the two micronutrients that you learned about in this
section that bind to their
,specific nuclear receptors, name the nuclear receptor, and the
form of the vitamin that
binds to them Correct Answers Vitamin D, Vitamin D receptor
- 1,25(OH)2D
Vitamin A, Retinoic receptor - all-trans retinoid acid
Deficiency of 3 micronutrients you learned about in this section
can lead to anemia.
Name the micronutrients, the type of anemia they lead to, and
why they lead to these
anemias Correct Answers B12: megaloblastic anemia - occurs
because without enough cobalamin to convert 5-methyl THF to
TH, normal DNA synthesis cannot occur and RBCs cannot
properly divide
Folate: megaloblastic anemia - folate is needed for DNA
synthesis, and without it RBCs cannot properly divide
Iron: Microcytic hypochromic anemia - decreased hemoglobin
production
Describe how the body responds to low blood calcium levels
Correct Answers 1. Increases bone absorption
2. Decreases calcium and increases phosphorus urinary
excretion
3. Increases 1,23(OH)2D activation in the kidney
Describe how the body responds to low blood calcium levels.
Include in your answer: organs/tissues, PTH, calcium, forms of
, vitamin D, Vitamin D receptor, and calbindin Correct Answers
low blood calcium levels parathyroid gland releases parathyroid
hormone.
Describe in detail how vitamin D increases calcium absorption
in the enterocyte when blood calcium is low. Correct Answers
When 1,25(OH)2 D synthesis is increased in the kidney this
causes increased binding to the vitamin D receptor, which
increases calbindin synthesis. Increased calbindin cause an
increase in calcium uptake and absorption.
Describe in detail why intrinsic factor is important for vitamin
B12 absorption. Correct Answers Intrinsic factor binds to
vitamin B12 and is important for its absorption because the
combination is endocytosed after intrinsic factor binds to its
receptor. Thus, vitamin B12 uptake is mediated through intrinsic
factor binding to its receptor.
Explain how iron is absorbed, transported, taken up into tissues
and store. Put changes to iron and proteins/enzymes involved.
Correct Answers Stores ferritin
Transported through ferroportin
oxidized by hep satin/cerouplasm
fe3 plus binds to transferrin
circulation and binds to transferrin receptor
and taken up into the enterocyte
Explain in detail why vitamin K is important for blood clotting.
Include in you answer
enzymes, protein changes, processes etc Correct Answers
Vitamin K is a cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl
Questions With Complete Solutions
. Warfarin thins blood by decreasing the absorption of vitamin
A. T F Correct Answers False
Warfarin thins blood by decreasing the REGENERATION of
VITAMINi K
1,25(OH)D2 binding to RXR increases the synthesis of
calcitonin, which increases
absorption of calcium.
T F Correct Answers False
1,25(OH)2D binding to VDR increases the synthesis of
CALBINDIN, which increases absorption of calcium
25(OH)D is the active form of vitamin D, which is created by
25-hydroxylase
in the kidney.
T F Correct Answers False
25(OH)D is the CIRCULATING of vitamin D created by 25-
Hydroxylase in the LIVER
8. Atrophic gastritis leads to a decrease in haptocorrin, which
causes a decrease
in the absorption of menaquinone.
T F Correct Answers False- Atrophic gastritis leads to a
decrease in INTRINSIC FACTOR, which causes a decrease in
the absorption of menaquinone
aName the two micronutrients that you learned about in this
section that bind to their
,specific nuclear receptors, name the nuclear receptor, and the
form of the vitamin that
binds to them Correct Answers Vitamin D, Vitamin D receptor
- 1,25(OH)2D
Vitamin A, Retinoic receptor - all-trans retinoid acid
Deficiency of 3 micronutrients you learned about in this section
can lead to anemia.
Name the micronutrients, the type of anemia they lead to, and
why they lead to these
anemias Correct Answers B12: megaloblastic anemia - occurs
because without enough cobalamin to convert 5-methyl THF to
TH, normal DNA synthesis cannot occur and RBCs cannot
properly divide
Folate: megaloblastic anemia - folate is needed for DNA
synthesis, and without it RBCs cannot properly divide
Iron: Microcytic hypochromic anemia - decreased hemoglobin
production
Describe how the body responds to low blood calcium levels
Correct Answers 1. Increases bone absorption
2. Decreases calcium and increases phosphorus urinary
excretion
3. Increases 1,23(OH)2D activation in the kidney
Describe how the body responds to low blood calcium levels.
Include in your answer: organs/tissues, PTH, calcium, forms of
, vitamin D, Vitamin D receptor, and calbindin Correct Answers
low blood calcium levels parathyroid gland releases parathyroid
hormone.
Describe in detail how vitamin D increases calcium absorption
in the enterocyte when blood calcium is low. Correct Answers
When 1,25(OH)2 D synthesis is increased in the kidney this
causes increased binding to the vitamin D receptor, which
increases calbindin synthesis. Increased calbindin cause an
increase in calcium uptake and absorption.
Describe in detail why intrinsic factor is important for vitamin
B12 absorption. Correct Answers Intrinsic factor binds to
vitamin B12 and is important for its absorption because the
combination is endocytosed after intrinsic factor binds to its
receptor. Thus, vitamin B12 uptake is mediated through intrinsic
factor binding to its receptor.
Explain how iron is absorbed, transported, taken up into tissues
and store. Put changes to iron and proteins/enzymes involved.
Correct Answers Stores ferritin
Transported through ferroportin
oxidized by hep satin/cerouplasm
fe3 plus binds to transferrin
circulation and binds to transferrin receptor
and taken up into the enterocyte
Explain in detail why vitamin K is important for blood clotting.
Include in you answer
enzymes, protein changes, processes etc Correct Answers
Vitamin K is a cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl
