NSG 124 Final Exam 2025

What antibiotic is used for UTIs - -Bactrim What are the therapeutic effects of Bactrim? - -Decrease UTI Symptoms: Frequency, Pain w/urination What is docusate sodium? - -stool softener How does docusate sodium work? - -Replaces water in intestine, and works against stool to soften it. What vitamin should be avoided when taking Warfarin? - -Vitamin K; potassium What Is an adverse effect of warfarin? - -Bleeding/Bruising What labs should be monitored with warfarin? - -PT/INR: 2-3 What are some items pts should use when taking Warfarin? - -Soft toothbrush, electric razor What is a AE of Vancomycin? - -Red man syndrome What should be monitored while taking Vancomycin? - -Troughs and kidney function What does red man syndrome cause and what do you do? - -Slow down the medication/infusion, run it over 60 minutes What do you do before giving a specific antibiotic to a pt who is presenting with a fever? - -Get culture, Give broad spectrum antibiotic until culture comes back Most important pt teaching about antibiotics? - -Finish the whole course , take probiotics Which medication is a serotonin antagonist and what is it used for? - -Ondansetron (Zofran) - Nausea/Vomiting What class is ondansetron, and it's MOA? - -Antiemetic, blocks serotonin peripherally, centrally, and in the small intestine. What are PPIs used for? - -Reduce stomach acid, Stomach ulcers What class is omeprazole? - -proton pump inhibitor (PPI) NSG 124 NSG 124 How should levothyroxine be taken? - -On an empty stomach in AM, 2 hrs before any other medication. What is levothyroxine used for? - -Hypothyroidism What is metformin used for? - -type 2 diabetes , oral hypoglycemic What organ does metformin work on? - -Liver How should metformin be taken? - -Given w/Food bc GI upset, twice a day What can benzodiazepines (CNS Depressant) cause? - -Falls - due to sedation effects What should be monitored when taking Furosemide? - --I&Os -Weight -Lung sounds -electrolyte (potassium) -Skin turgor What is the therapeutic range for Lithium - -0.5-1.5 , anything greater means toxic, hold and call provider. What is lithium used for? - -mood stabilizer - Manic episodes What is enoxaparin used for? - -prevent DVT - Given before and after surgery When is naloxone given? - -Respiratory rate less than 12 How would you know if a patient is allergic to a medication? - -Rash, fever, SOB, itchy What is an AE of floroquinolones? - -Tendon Rupture What is baclofen used for? - -muscle spasticity, decrease muscle spasms Interferon beta side effects? - -flu like symptoms What is a common side effect of ace inhibitors? (Lisinopril) - -dry cough What is memantine used for? - -moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease Memantine side effects: - -Dizziness, confusion, hallucinations. Hypertension medication: Pt teaching - -- orthostatic Hypotension - monitor BP - Don't stop abruptly : rebound hypertension NSG 124 NSG 124 NSG 124 Cholinesterase inhibitors - -Pt can take as long as they tolerate SE Why would someone take an antiplatelet? - -- over 65 - could have had an MI - Aspirin and clopidogrel benztropine side effects - -dry mouth; constipation; weakness; tardive dyskinesia What is benztropine used for? - -Parkinson's disease, targets decrease rigidity and tremors What meds should be avoided with Benztropine? - -MAOIs True or false: Seizure meds should be stopped abruptly? - -False : never stop them abruptly Levodopa/Carbidopa use - -Parkinson's disease , won't cure just helps improve ADLs phenytoin therapeutic level - -10-20 mcg/mL What is an AE oh phenytoin ? - -Gingival hyperplasia - can be reduced with good oral hygiene How should phenytoin be administered? - -With meals at the *same time each day* What do calcium channel blockers do? - -Open up blood vessels : lowers BP & HR What kind of patients is propranolol contraindicated in? - -Patients with Asthma What medication is epinephrine contraindicated with? - -MAOIs What is bethanechol used for? - -urinary retention What is a normal glucose level? - -70-100 What to do if a pt had a low glucose level? - -Cold and clammy they need some candy -give glucagon or IV dextrose What to do if Pt has a high glucose level? - -Give insulin How is regular insulin administered? - -IV Which insulin will patient need food immediately with? - -Short acting Hypoglycemia symptoms - -hunger, fatigue, weaknes