NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
373 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium,
ammonium, and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - ANSWER B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle.
Which condition is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - ANSWER A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - ANSWER B) Symptoms
include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with
bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper
urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
,C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - ANSWER B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - ANSWER C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing
edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - ANSWER Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal
surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - ANSWER Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and
receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - ANSWER Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which
statement regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is
true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - ANSWER The exact mechanism of
immune complexes is unknown.
,A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and
abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - ANSWER Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - ANSWER Fusion of the glomerular foot
processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal
pain. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - ANSWER acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - ANSWER Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that
apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - ANSWER Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
, The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - ANSWER Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of
prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - ANSWER Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary
amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy - ANSWER Unknown pregnancy
A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is
believed to be a result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a
Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Which question will most likely identify the
cause of her symptoms?
A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
B) "Have you been experiencing nausea and vomiting as well?"
C) "Is constipation a problem for you?"
D) "Would you describe your pain as being stabbing?" - ANSWER Is your
abdominal pain affected by walking?
A patient presents with an inflammation of one of the ducts that lead from the
introitus. What is the appropriate term for this condition?
A) Vaginitis
B) Cervicitis
C) Bartholinitis
D) Vulvovestibulitis - ANSWER Bartholinitis
EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
373 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium,
ammonium, and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - ANSWER B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle.
Which condition is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - ANSWER A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - ANSWER B) Symptoms
include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with
bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper
urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
,C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - ANSWER B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - ANSWER C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing
edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - ANSWER Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal
surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - ANSWER Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and
receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - ANSWER Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which
statement regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is
true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - ANSWER The exact mechanism of
immune complexes is unknown.
,A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and
abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - ANSWER Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - ANSWER Fusion of the glomerular foot
processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal
pain. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - ANSWER acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - ANSWER Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that
apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - ANSWER Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
, The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - ANSWER Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of
prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - ANSWER Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary
amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy - ANSWER Unknown pregnancy
A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is
believed to be a result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a
Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Which question will most likely identify the
cause of her symptoms?
A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
B) "Have you been experiencing nausea and vomiting as well?"
C) "Is constipation a problem for you?"
D) "Would you describe your pain as being stabbing?" - ANSWER Is your
abdominal pain affected by walking?
A patient presents with an inflammation of one of the ducts that lead from the
introitus. What is the appropriate term for this condition?
A) Vaginitis
B) Cervicitis
C) Bartholinitis
D) Vulvovestibulitis - ANSWER Bartholinitis
