ESS IB Final Exam Review Rated 100% Correct!!.
greenhouse gas - (answer)a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared
radiation such as CFC's and carbon dioxide (unlike non greenhouse gases) Any gas that traps radiation in
the Earth's atmosphere is a GHG.
5 major greenhouse gases - (answer)-carbon dioxide
-nitrous oxides
-Tropospheric ozone
-Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
-methane
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) - (answer)a scientific body under the United Nations.
It reviews and assesses the most recent scientific, technical and socio-economic information and data
produced worldwide relevant to the understanding of climate change
greenhouse effect - (answer)the process by which the sun's thermal heat is trapped in the planet's lower
atmosphere, distributed in all directions, and consequently causing the average surface temperature to
rise (this is considered to be a good process, but not in a positive feedback way)
"enhanced" greenhouse effect - (answer)increase in the natural greenhouse effect resulting from
increases in atmospheric concentrations of GHGs due to emissions from human activities, Rise in
temperature from human effects of Greenhouse gases
global dimming - (answer)a decline in the amount of light reaching the earth's surface because of
increased air pollution, which reflects more light back into space
carbon trading - (answer)a factory can produce only one certain amount of CO2 (carbon credits)
carbon taxes - (answer)if factories, other industries, etc. pollute they will pay money for the amount of
pollution
,ESS IB Final Exam Review Rated 100% Correct!!.
Kyoto Protocol - (answer)controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for
developed countries, nations who signed had to cut C emissions by 5% then raised to 12.5% USA and
Saudi Arabia didn't sign, in 2005, these rates were legal, signed in 1997, exempted China
effects of global dimming - (answer)-leads to slower evaporation rates
-causes reduction in amount of precipitation (resulting in drought and famine)
-alteration of world's rain belt
-counteracts effects of global warming
point source pollution - (answer)comes from an easily identifiable source, for example visible car
exhaust fumes, and is considered more manageable (because the source of the pollution can be directly
identified it is easier to stop the pollutant), more localized, easier to legal action. Ex: Factories, Power
plants, etc.
non-point source pollution - (answer)comes from a more diffuse source, not easily identified, not well
managed( ex. pollution is runoff from fields)(because the source of the pollution is harder to identify, it
takes more resources to find the source and stop its spread)
4 major pollutant sources - (answer)fossil fuels
domestic waste
industrial waste
agricultural waste
domestic waste - (answer)food waste, sewage, rubbish (glass, plastics, paper, wood, metals), extremely
hard to get rid of because isn't recycled, part of solid waste
industrial waste - (answer)heavy metals, heat (in air and/or water), acids, part of solid waste
agricultural waste - (answer)fertilizers, animal waste, and pesticides contaminate water sources, part of
solid waste
, ESS IB Final Exam Review Rated 100% Correct!!.
BOD (biological oxygen demand) - (answer)the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by anaerobic
organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample (high BOD
low OD)
reduce - (answer)involves altering and decreasing pollution through education and incentives (includes
using technology and reusing and recycling)
regulate - (answer)involves setting imposed standards and introducing measures for getting rid of
pollutants from waste
restore - (answer)involves restoring ecosystems through extracting pollutants from the environment
and restocking and replanting animal populations (costs a lot of money and isn't always a long term
solution).
stratospheric ozone - (answer)good ozone, produces oxygen molecules to interact with UV radiation and
prevent 95% of it from reaching the surface
acid deposition - (answer)Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, enter the
atmosphere- where they mix with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid- and return to
Earth's surface.
solid domestic waste - (answer)waste produced by people living in their homes (as opposed to other
sources of waster such as agriculture, industry, and the service sector)
photochemical smog - (answer)brownish haze that is a mixture of ozone and other chemicals, formed
when pollutants react with each other in the presence of sunlight
DDT - (answer)pesticide used for mosquitoes which bioaccumulates and was banned in the US in 1972
Indirect method for pollution measurement (water) - (answer)-Biological Oxygen Demand
greenhouse gas - (answer)a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared
radiation such as CFC's and carbon dioxide (unlike non greenhouse gases) Any gas that traps radiation in
the Earth's atmosphere is a GHG.
5 major greenhouse gases - (answer)-carbon dioxide
-nitrous oxides
-Tropospheric ozone
-Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
-methane
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) - (answer)a scientific body under the United Nations.
It reviews and assesses the most recent scientific, technical and socio-economic information and data
produced worldwide relevant to the understanding of climate change
greenhouse effect - (answer)the process by which the sun's thermal heat is trapped in the planet's lower
atmosphere, distributed in all directions, and consequently causing the average surface temperature to
rise (this is considered to be a good process, but not in a positive feedback way)
"enhanced" greenhouse effect - (answer)increase in the natural greenhouse effect resulting from
increases in atmospheric concentrations of GHGs due to emissions from human activities, Rise in
temperature from human effects of Greenhouse gases
global dimming - (answer)a decline in the amount of light reaching the earth's surface because of
increased air pollution, which reflects more light back into space
carbon trading - (answer)a factory can produce only one certain amount of CO2 (carbon credits)
carbon taxes - (answer)if factories, other industries, etc. pollute they will pay money for the amount of
pollution
,ESS IB Final Exam Review Rated 100% Correct!!.
Kyoto Protocol - (answer)controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for
developed countries, nations who signed had to cut C emissions by 5% then raised to 12.5% USA and
Saudi Arabia didn't sign, in 2005, these rates were legal, signed in 1997, exempted China
effects of global dimming - (answer)-leads to slower evaporation rates
-causes reduction in amount of precipitation (resulting in drought and famine)
-alteration of world's rain belt
-counteracts effects of global warming
point source pollution - (answer)comes from an easily identifiable source, for example visible car
exhaust fumes, and is considered more manageable (because the source of the pollution can be directly
identified it is easier to stop the pollutant), more localized, easier to legal action. Ex: Factories, Power
plants, etc.
non-point source pollution - (answer)comes from a more diffuse source, not easily identified, not well
managed( ex. pollution is runoff from fields)(because the source of the pollution is harder to identify, it
takes more resources to find the source and stop its spread)
4 major pollutant sources - (answer)fossil fuels
domestic waste
industrial waste
agricultural waste
domestic waste - (answer)food waste, sewage, rubbish (glass, plastics, paper, wood, metals), extremely
hard to get rid of because isn't recycled, part of solid waste
industrial waste - (answer)heavy metals, heat (in air and/or water), acids, part of solid waste
agricultural waste - (answer)fertilizers, animal waste, and pesticides contaminate water sources, part of
solid waste
, ESS IB Final Exam Review Rated 100% Correct!!.
BOD (biological oxygen demand) - (answer)the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by anaerobic
organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample (high BOD
low OD)
reduce - (answer)involves altering and decreasing pollution through education and incentives (includes
using technology and reusing and recycling)
regulate - (answer)involves setting imposed standards and introducing measures for getting rid of
pollutants from waste
restore - (answer)involves restoring ecosystems through extracting pollutants from the environment
and restocking and replanting animal populations (costs a lot of money and isn't always a long term
solution).
stratospheric ozone - (answer)good ozone, produces oxygen molecules to interact with UV radiation and
prevent 95% of it from reaching the surface
acid deposition - (answer)Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, enter the
atmosphere- where they mix with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid- and return to
Earth's surface.
solid domestic waste - (answer)waste produced by people living in their homes (as opposed to other
sources of waster such as agriculture, industry, and the service sector)
photochemical smog - (answer)brownish haze that is a mixture of ozone and other chemicals, formed
when pollutants react with each other in the presence of sunlight
DDT - (answer)pesticide used for mosquitoes which bioaccumulates and was banned in the US in 1972
Indirect method for pollution measurement (water) - (answer)-Biological Oxygen Demand
