NCAC II Exam Questions and Answers
What are the characteristics of Developmental Stammering? - (answer)It is a disorder of fluency which is
characterised by blocks, prolongations, and repetitions. Symptoms can be both overt (what you can see)
and covert (what is hidden).
What is a covert stammer? - (answer)When the person appears fluent but uses escape/ avoidance
behaviour to hide their stammer
What is circumlocution? - (answer)The process of changing/ avoiding words to avoid stammering
What are the impacts of developmental stammering? - (answer)- Children can be aware of stammering
and display negative attitudes early on
- children may demonstrate avoidance behaviours, including gestures rather than speech, giving up on
what they're saying, and withdrawing
- School age children who stammer are at significantly higher risk of being rejected, teased and bullied.
This can lead to social isolation, underachieving academically, lack of participation, low self-esteem,
frustration/ behaviour issues.
What is cluttering? - (answer)Cluttering is a disorder of fluency in which a person is not capable of
adjusting their speech rate to the linguistic or motor demands of the moment.
What are the main features of cluttering? - (answer)- Overly rapid speech
- Excessive coarticulation
- Disfluencies
What is the impact of cluttering? - (answer)- Difficulties communicating with other people due to speech
being difficult to understand
- Anxiety in situations where they are expected to speak
- could be misconstrued as having impaired intelligence, affecting confidence and self-esteem
- limited attention span could hinder academic achievements
, NCAC II Exam Questions and Answers
- Options of work could be limited
What is acquired stammering? - (answer)When someone starts stammering in adulthood with no
previous history of stammering.
What are the types of acquired stammer? - (answer)- Neurogenic (due to change in the brain)
- Psychogenic (due to psychological trauma)
What is the impact of acquired stammering? - (answer)- Could prevent/hinder the person from being
able to continue with their job if it is heavily speech orientated
- could affect their sense of self and identity due to the change in their communication abilities
- could cause anxiety in situations where speech is expected such as shopping, ordering in a restaurant
etc.
- could lead to isolation and avoidance behaviours
What is the definition of selective mutism? - (answer)Selective mutism is a childhood anxiety disorder
characterised by a child's inability to speak in one or more social settings, despite being able to speak
comfortably in other settings. It is the persistence over time and the intensity of the silence that
distinguishes children who are selectively mute.
What are the impacts of selective mutism? - (answer)- Being a non-speaker could become part of their
identity
- Could cause academic underachievement due to inability to ask for help or express difficulties
- Could have negative effects on relationships/ family
- self- esteem/ confidence/ anxiety issues
- withdrawal/ social isolation
- misinterpretation of cognition
What are the characteristics of Developmental Stammering? - (answer)It is a disorder of fluency which is
characterised by blocks, prolongations, and repetitions. Symptoms can be both overt (what you can see)
and covert (what is hidden).
What is a covert stammer? - (answer)When the person appears fluent but uses escape/ avoidance
behaviour to hide their stammer
What is circumlocution? - (answer)The process of changing/ avoiding words to avoid stammering
What are the impacts of developmental stammering? - (answer)- Children can be aware of stammering
and display negative attitudes early on
- children may demonstrate avoidance behaviours, including gestures rather than speech, giving up on
what they're saying, and withdrawing
- School age children who stammer are at significantly higher risk of being rejected, teased and bullied.
This can lead to social isolation, underachieving academically, lack of participation, low self-esteem,
frustration/ behaviour issues.
What is cluttering? - (answer)Cluttering is a disorder of fluency in which a person is not capable of
adjusting their speech rate to the linguistic or motor demands of the moment.
What are the main features of cluttering? - (answer)- Overly rapid speech
- Excessive coarticulation
- Disfluencies
What is the impact of cluttering? - (answer)- Difficulties communicating with other people due to speech
being difficult to understand
- Anxiety in situations where they are expected to speak
- could be misconstrued as having impaired intelligence, affecting confidence and self-esteem
- limited attention span could hinder academic achievements
, NCAC II Exam Questions and Answers
- Options of work could be limited
What is acquired stammering? - (answer)When someone starts stammering in adulthood with no
previous history of stammering.
What are the types of acquired stammer? - (answer)- Neurogenic (due to change in the brain)
- Psychogenic (due to psychological trauma)
What is the impact of acquired stammering? - (answer)- Could prevent/hinder the person from being
able to continue with their job if it is heavily speech orientated
- could affect their sense of self and identity due to the change in their communication abilities
- could cause anxiety in situations where speech is expected such as shopping, ordering in a restaurant
etc.
- could lead to isolation and avoidance behaviours
What is the definition of selective mutism? - (answer)Selective mutism is a childhood anxiety disorder
characterised by a child's inability to speak in one or more social settings, despite being able to speak
comfortably in other settings. It is the persistence over time and the intensity of the silence that
distinguishes children who are selectively mute.
What are the impacts of selective mutism? - (answer)- Being a non-speaker could become part of their
identity
- Could cause academic underachievement due to inability to ask for help or express difficulties
- Could have negative effects on relationships/ family
- self- esteem/ confidence/ anxiety issues
- withdrawal/ social isolation
- misinterpretation of cognition
