BIO 212- CYTOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
cell - Answers most basic structural and functional unit of life
disease - Answers begin at cellular level
Cell Theory - Answers building blocks, produced by division of pre-existing cell, smallest unit
that performs physiological functions, homeostasis
cell types - Answers somatic and gametes
somatic cells - Answers body cells
gametes - Answers sex cells, sperm and eggs
extracellular fluid - Answers A watery medium that surrounds a cell, medium for nutrient and
gas exchange
functions of plasma membrane - Answers physical isolation, sensitivity, structural support,
regulate exchange
Phospholipids - Answers a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule
phosphate head - Answers hydrophilic, polar, interact with extracellular fluid
lipid tail - Answers hydrophobic, non-polar, fatty acid
membrane permeable to - Answers water and small, lipid soluble substances
membrane impermeable to - Answers large polar substances
Proteins - Answers 50:50 protein to lipid ratio
integral proteins - Answers span membrane, from pores and channels through membrane
peripheral proteins - Answers attached to inner/outer surface, anchors cytoskeleton
cholestrerol - Answers adds fluidity and structure, makes bi-layer more impermeable to water-
soluble substances
Glycolipids - Answers carbohydrates attached to lipids
Glycoproteins - Answers Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins.
movement of substance across plasma membrane - Answers passive, active
passive transport - Answers Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low
concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient
cell - Answers most basic structural and functional unit of life
disease - Answers begin at cellular level
Cell Theory - Answers building blocks, produced by division of pre-existing cell, smallest unit
that performs physiological functions, homeostasis
cell types - Answers somatic and gametes
somatic cells - Answers body cells
gametes - Answers sex cells, sperm and eggs
extracellular fluid - Answers A watery medium that surrounds a cell, medium for nutrient and
gas exchange
functions of plasma membrane - Answers physical isolation, sensitivity, structural support,
regulate exchange
Phospholipids - Answers a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule
phosphate head - Answers hydrophilic, polar, interact with extracellular fluid
lipid tail - Answers hydrophobic, non-polar, fatty acid
membrane permeable to - Answers water and small, lipid soluble substances
membrane impermeable to - Answers large polar substances
Proteins - Answers 50:50 protein to lipid ratio
integral proteins - Answers span membrane, from pores and channels through membrane
peripheral proteins - Answers attached to inner/outer surface, anchors cytoskeleton
cholestrerol - Answers adds fluidity and structure, makes bi-layer more impermeable to water-
soluble substances
Glycolipids - Answers carbohydrates attached to lipids
Glycoproteins - Answers Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins.
movement of substance across plasma membrane - Answers passive, active
passive transport - Answers Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low
concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient
