BIO 212- Module 8 Homework Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
Cryptosporidium spp. are extremely resistant to ____________ and have a ____________ of around
10 to 100 oocysts. - Answers Disinfectants; low infectious dose
The oocysts can remain viable in moist environments for 2 to 6 ____________ . - Answers Months
The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis is a cholera-like ____________ . - Answers
Diarrhea
Other symptoms include nausea, fever, fatigue, and ____________ . - Answers Abdominal pain
The virulence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is due to its ability to ________. - Answers Interfere with
many host immune functions, such as antigen presentation, cytokine production, and natural
killer cell activity
During HIV infection of a host cell, the viral RNA is copied by the enzyme reverse _________ to
make a single DNA copy, which is then inserted into the host chromosome. - Answers
Transcriptase
Put the steps of microsporidiosis pathogenesis in order to review the impact fungi in the genus
Microspora can have on its host. - Answers 1. Microsporidial spore extrudes its polar tubule.
2. Upon contact with a eukaryotic cell, the polar tubule bores through the host cell membrane.
3. Sudden increase in spore calcium results in the injection of sporoplasm into the host cell.
4. The sporoplasm condenses and undergoes asexual multiplication.
5. Development of new spores is due to encapsulation of shizonts.
6. New spores increase until host cell membrane ruptures and release progeny.
When the number of lactobacilli are decreased, candidal vaginitis can result because the
bacteria normally control the fungi by ________. - Answers Producing an inhibitory, low pH
Put the events associated with the formation of tubercules in sequence in order to test your
understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. - Answers 1) Mycobacteria are engulfed by
alveolar macrophages
2) Mycobacteria proliferate within the infected macrophages. Additional immune cells arrive.
Foamy macrophages develop.
3) A fibrous capsule surrounds the infected macrophages, excluding lymphocytes. A tubercle
forms
4) Infected macrophages lyse, releasing mycobacteria and creating caseous necrosis
, 5) The tubercle ruptures, releasing the mycobacteria.
Blastomyces dermatitidis grows asa mold in the environment but as a ____________ in humans. -
Answers Budding yeast
The disease occurs in three clinical forms: cutaneous, pulmonary, and ____________ . - Answers
Disseminated
The initial infection begins when ____________ are inhaled into the lungs. - Answers Blastospores
From the lungs, the fungus can spread rapidly especially to the skin where cutaneous
____________ form. - Answers Ulcers
Choose the virus that enters the nervous system by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor in unmyelinated sensory and motor terminals. - Answers Rabies virus
The sexually transmitted form of syphilis, ____________ syphilis, is caused by ____________
pallidum. - Answers Venereal; treponema
The pathogen enters through breaks in the skin and migrates to ____________ nodes, where it
then is able to spread throughout the body. - Answers Lymph
The first symptom to develop after infection is a small painless ulcer called a ____________ . -
Answers Chancre
Some time after this primary lesion disappears, a second stage ensues that is characterized by
a ____________ often seen on the palms of the hands. - Answers Rash
The disease can become latent for many years after the second stage, but if left untreated the
patient can develop lesions called ____________ . - Answers Gummas
This tertiary stage of the disease can involve the ____________ , leading to cognitive deficits. -
Answers Central nervous system
Acute infection by this organism is often indicated by a patient's fever rising and falling in waves.
- Answers Brucella melitensis
Influenza is a common ____________ illness caused by a virus that has a segmented ____________
genome. - Answers Respiratory; RNA
Pandemics of influenza arise from ____________ , caused by rearrangement of these RNA
segments mainly in influenza ____________ . - Answers Antigenic shifts; type A
These segment rearrangements can create virus particles with new surface ____________
protruding through the viral envelope. - Answers Spikes
One of these surface proteins is ____________ , which is important for viral binding to host cells. -
Cryptosporidium spp. are extremely resistant to ____________ and have a ____________ of around
10 to 100 oocysts. - Answers Disinfectants; low infectious dose
The oocysts can remain viable in moist environments for 2 to 6 ____________ . - Answers Months
The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis is a cholera-like ____________ . - Answers
Diarrhea
Other symptoms include nausea, fever, fatigue, and ____________ . - Answers Abdominal pain
The virulence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is due to its ability to ________. - Answers Interfere with
many host immune functions, such as antigen presentation, cytokine production, and natural
killer cell activity
During HIV infection of a host cell, the viral RNA is copied by the enzyme reverse _________ to
make a single DNA copy, which is then inserted into the host chromosome. - Answers
Transcriptase
Put the steps of microsporidiosis pathogenesis in order to review the impact fungi in the genus
Microspora can have on its host. - Answers 1. Microsporidial spore extrudes its polar tubule.
2. Upon contact with a eukaryotic cell, the polar tubule bores through the host cell membrane.
3. Sudden increase in spore calcium results in the injection of sporoplasm into the host cell.
4. The sporoplasm condenses and undergoes asexual multiplication.
5. Development of new spores is due to encapsulation of shizonts.
6. New spores increase until host cell membrane ruptures and release progeny.
When the number of lactobacilli are decreased, candidal vaginitis can result because the
bacteria normally control the fungi by ________. - Answers Producing an inhibitory, low pH
Put the events associated with the formation of tubercules in sequence in order to test your
understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. - Answers 1) Mycobacteria are engulfed by
alveolar macrophages
2) Mycobacteria proliferate within the infected macrophages. Additional immune cells arrive.
Foamy macrophages develop.
3) A fibrous capsule surrounds the infected macrophages, excluding lymphocytes. A tubercle
forms
4) Infected macrophages lyse, releasing mycobacteria and creating caseous necrosis
, 5) The tubercle ruptures, releasing the mycobacteria.
Blastomyces dermatitidis grows asa mold in the environment but as a ____________ in humans. -
Answers Budding yeast
The disease occurs in three clinical forms: cutaneous, pulmonary, and ____________ . - Answers
Disseminated
The initial infection begins when ____________ are inhaled into the lungs. - Answers Blastospores
From the lungs, the fungus can spread rapidly especially to the skin where cutaneous
____________ form. - Answers Ulcers
Choose the virus that enters the nervous system by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor in unmyelinated sensory and motor terminals. - Answers Rabies virus
The sexually transmitted form of syphilis, ____________ syphilis, is caused by ____________
pallidum. - Answers Venereal; treponema
The pathogen enters through breaks in the skin and migrates to ____________ nodes, where it
then is able to spread throughout the body. - Answers Lymph
The first symptom to develop after infection is a small painless ulcer called a ____________ . -
Answers Chancre
Some time after this primary lesion disappears, a second stage ensues that is characterized by
a ____________ often seen on the palms of the hands. - Answers Rash
The disease can become latent for many years after the second stage, but if left untreated the
patient can develop lesions called ____________ . - Answers Gummas
This tertiary stage of the disease can involve the ____________ , leading to cognitive deficits. -
Answers Central nervous system
Acute infection by this organism is often indicated by a patient's fever rising and falling in waves.
- Answers Brucella melitensis
Influenza is a common ____________ illness caused by a virus that has a segmented ____________
genome. - Answers Respiratory; RNA
Pandemics of influenza arise from ____________ , caused by rearrangement of these RNA
segments mainly in influenza ____________ . - Answers Antigenic shifts; type A
These segment rearrangements can create virus particles with new surface ____________
protruding through the viral envelope. - Answers Spikes
One of these surface proteins is ____________ , which is important for viral binding to host cells. -
