Exam 2: NSG 3600 / NSG3600 (Latest Update
) Nursing Practice – Children’s Health
| Guide Questions and Answers | Grade A | 100%
Correct - Galen
Cardiac Conditions (Questions 1–20)
Question 1
Which hormone is partly responsible for ensuring that the ductus arteriosus closes
normally after birth?
A. Estrogen
B. Human growth hormone
C. Progestin
D. Prostaglandin
Answer: D
Rationale: Prostaglandins maintain ductus arteriosus patency in utero; a decrease post-birth,
with increased oxygen tension, promotes closure. Estrogen (A), growth hormone (B), and
progestin (C) are not primary factors.
Reference: Pediatric Nursing, 2025 AHA Guidelines.
Question 2
A child with aortic stenosis is at risk for which complication?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Left ventricular failure
C. Right ventricular atrophy
D. Tricuspid regurgitation
Answer: B
Rationale: Aortic stenosis increases left ventricular workload, risking left ventricular failure
(e.g., dyspnea, fatigue). Aneurysms (A) are rare in children, right ventricular atrophy (C) is
unrelated, and tricuspid regurgitation (D) affects the right heart.
Reference: Pediatric Cardiology.
Question 3
What characterizes restrictive cardiomyopathy in children?
A. Caused by toxic agents
B. Least common form
,C. Most common form
D. Always resolves spontaneously
Answer: B
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy, with rigid ventricular walls, is the least common in
children. Toxic agents (A) cause dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic is more common (C), and
it’s not self-resolving (D).
Reference: NSG 3600 Study Guide.
Question 4
What are clinical signs of congenital heart defects in infants?
A. Normal feeding and weight gain
B. Cyanosis, tachycardia, poor weight gain
C. Hypertension and bradycardia
D. Increased urine output
Answer: B
Rationale: Cyanotic defects cause cyanosis, tachycardia, and poor weight gain due to high
metabolic demand. Normal feeding (A), hypertension/bradycardia (C), and increased urine
output (D) are atypical.
Reference: Pediatric Nursing.
Question 5
Which congenital heart defect increases pulmonary blood flow?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Answer: B
Rationale: PDA, an acyanotic defect, causes left-to-right shunting, increasing pulmonary blood
flow. Tetralogy of Fallot (A), tricuspid atresia (C), and hypoplastic left heart (D) are cyanotic
with reduced/mixed flow.
Reference: Pediatric Cardiology, AHA Guidelines.
Question 6
What is a priority nursing action post-cardiac catheterization in a child?
A. Encourage immediate ambulation
B. Monitor distal pulses
C. Administer routine aspirin
D. Remove pressure dressing after 1 hour
, Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring distal pulses (e.g., femoral) ensures vascular integrity post-
catheterization. Ambulation (A) is delayed, aspirin (C) is not routine, and dressings (D) remain
longer.
Reference: NSG 3600 Study Materials.
Question 7
What is a nursing consideration for a child with congestive heart failure (CHF)?
A. Restrict fluids to prevent dehydration
B. Monitor for poor feeding and irritability
C. Encourage high-sodium diets
D. Avoid oxygen monitoring
Answer: B
Rationale: CHF causes poor feeding and irritability due to fluid overload and reduced cardiac
output. Fluid restriction (A) is case-specific, high-sodium diets (C) worsen edema, and oxygen
monitoring (D) is essential.
Reference: Pediatric Nursing, AHA Guidelines.
Question 8
Which medication reduces preload in congenital heart defects?
A. Digoxin
B. Furosemide
C. Amiodarone
D. Adenosine
Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, reduces preload by decreasing fluid volume. Digoxin
(A) increases contractility, amiodarone (C) treats arrhythmias, and adenosine (D) is for SVT.
Reference: Pediatric Pharmacology.
Question 9
What is a hallmark sign of Kawasaki disease?
A. Chronic cough
B. Erythema marginatum
C. Strawberry tongue
D. Joint swelling only
Answer: C
Rationale: Strawberry tongue, fever, rash, and conjunctivitis characterize Kawasaki disease.
Erythema marginatum (B) is linked to rheumatic fever, cough (A) is non-specific, and joint
swelling (D) is not exclusive.
Reference: NSG 3600 Study Guide.
) Nursing Practice – Children’s Health
| Guide Questions and Answers | Grade A | 100%
Correct - Galen
Cardiac Conditions (Questions 1–20)
Question 1
Which hormone is partly responsible for ensuring that the ductus arteriosus closes
normally after birth?
A. Estrogen
B. Human growth hormone
C. Progestin
D. Prostaglandin
Answer: D
Rationale: Prostaglandins maintain ductus arteriosus patency in utero; a decrease post-birth,
with increased oxygen tension, promotes closure. Estrogen (A), growth hormone (B), and
progestin (C) are not primary factors.
Reference: Pediatric Nursing, 2025 AHA Guidelines.
Question 2
A child with aortic stenosis is at risk for which complication?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Left ventricular failure
C. Right ventricular atrophy
D. Tricuspid regurgitation
Answer: B
Rationale: Aortic stenosis increases left ventricular workload, risking left ventricular failure
(e.g., dyspnea, fatigue). Aneurysms (A) are rare in children, right ventricular atrophy (C) is
unrelated, and tricuspid regurgitation (D) affects the right heart.
Reference: Pediatric Cardiology.
Question 3
What characterizes restrictive cardiomyopathy in children?
A. Caused by toxic agents
B. Least common form
,C. Most common form
D. Always resolves spontaneously
Answer: B
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy, with rigid ventricular walls, is the least common in
children. Toxic agents (A) cause dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic is more common (C), and
it’s not self-resolving (D).
Reference: NSG 3600 Study Guide.
Question 4
What are clinical signs of congenital heart defects in infants?
A. Normal feeding and weight gain
B. Cyanosis, tachycardia, poor weight gain
C. Hypertension and bradycardia
D. Increased urine output
Answer: B
Rationale: Cyanotic defects cause cyanosis, tachycardia, and poor weight gain due to high
metabolic demand. Normal feeding (A), hypertension/bradycardia (C), and increased urine
output (D) are atypical.
Reference: Pediatric Nursing.
Question 5
Which congenital heart defect increases pulmonary blood flow?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Answer: B
Rationale: PDA, an acyanotic defect, causes left-to-right shunting, increasing pulmonary blood
flow. Tetralogy of Fallot (A), tricuspid atresia (C), and hypoplastic left heart (D) are cyanotic
with reduced/mixed flow.
Reference: Pediatric Cardiology, AHA Guidelines.
Question 6
What is a priority nursing action post-cardiac catheterization in a child?
A. Encourage immediate ambulation
B. Monitor distal pulses
C. Administer routine aspirin
D. Remove pressure dressing after 1 hour
, Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring distal pulses (e.g., femoral) ensures vascular integrity post-
catheterization. Ambulation (A) is delayed, aspirin (C) is not routine, and dressings (D) remain
longer.
Reference: NSG 3600 Study Materials.
Question 7
What is a nursing consideration for a child with congestive heart failure (CHF)?
A. Restrict fluids to prevent dehydration
B. Monitor for poor feeding and irritability
C. Encourage high-sodium diets
D. Avoid oxygen monitoring
Answer: B
Rationale: CHF causes poor feeding and irritability due to fluid overload and reduced cardiac
output. Fluid restriction (A) is case-specific, high-sodium diets (C) worsen edema, and oxygen
monitoring (D) is essential.
Reference: Pediatric Nursing, AHA Guidelines.
Question 8
Which medication reduces preload in congenital heart defects?
A. Digoxin
B. Furosemide
C. Amiodarone
D. Adenosine
Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, reduces preload by decreasing fluid volume. Digoxin
(A) increases contractility, amiodarone (C) treats arrhythmias, and adenosine (D) is for SVT.
Reference: Pediatric Pharmacology.
Question 9
What is a hallmark sign of Kawasaki disease?
A. Chronic cough
B. Erythema marginatum
C. Strawberry tongue
D. Joint swelling only
Answer: C
Rationale: Strawberry tongue, fever, rash, and conjunctivitis characterize Kawasaki disease.
Erythema marginatum (B) is linked to rheumatic fever, cough (A) is non-specific, and joint
swelling (D) is not exclusive.
Reference: NSG 3600 Study Guide.
