Study Guide for Proficiency Exam in
Georgia History Complete Answers
Battle of Bloody Marsh - ANSWER-The Battle of Bloody Marsh took place on July 7,
1742 (new style) between Spanish and British forces on St. Simons Island, part of
the Province of Georgia, resulting in a victory for the British.
Worcester v. Georgia - ANSWER-Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832),
was a case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of
Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-
Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license
from the state was unconstitutional.
Henry Woodfin Grady - ANSWER-(May 24, 1850 - December 23, 1889) was a
journalist and orator who helped reintegrate the states of the former Confederacy
into the Union after the American Civil War. Grady encouraged the industrialization
of the South.[2]
Joseph Emerson Brown - ANSWER-(April 15, 1821 - November 30, 1894), often
referred to as Joe Brown, was the 42nd Governor of Georgia from 1857 to 1865, and
a U.S. Senator from 1880 to 1891. Governor Brown was a leading secessionist in
1861, taking his state out of the Union and into the Confederacy. A former Whig, and
a firm believer in states' rights, he defied the national government's wartime policies.
He resisted the Confederate military draft, and tried to keep as many soldiers at
home as possible (to fight off invaders).[1] He denounced Confederate President
Jefferson Davis as an incipient tyrant. Brown challenged Confederate impressment
of animals, goods, and slaves. Several other governors followed his lead.
Robert Augustus Toombs - ANSWER-(July 2, 1810 - December 15, 1885) was an
American and Confederate political leader, Whig Party senator from Georgia, a
founding father of the Confederacy, its first Secretary of State, and a Confederate
general in the American Civil War of 1861-1865. He feuded bitterly with Confederate
President Jefferson Davis. According to Jacob S. Clawson, he was "a bullish
politician whose blend of acerbic wit, fiery demeanor, and political tact aroused the
full spectrum of emotions from his constituents and colleagues....[he] could not
balance his volatile personality with his otherwise keen political skill."[1]
Battle of Chickamauga - ANSWER-fought September 19-20, 1863,[1] marked the
end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia
called the Chickamauga Campaign. The battle was the most significant Union defeat
in the Western Theater of the American Civil War and involved the second highest
number of casualties in the war following the Battle of Gettysburg. It was the first
major battle of the war that was fought in Georgia.
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain - ANSWER-was fought on June 27, 1864, during the
Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. It was the most significant frontal
assault launched by Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman against the Confederate
, Army of Tennessee under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, ending in a tactical defeat for
the Union forces. Strategically, however, the battle failed to deliver the result that the
Confederacy desperately needed--namely a halt to Sherman's advance on Atlanta.
Andersonville - ANSWER-a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp during the American
Civil War. Most of the site lies in southwestern Macon County, adjacent to the east
side of the town of Andersonville. As well as the former prison, the site also contains
the Andersonville National Cemetery and the National Prisoner of War Museum.
Leo Frank - ANSWER-(April 17, 1884 - August 17, 1915) was a Jewish-American
factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia who was convicted of the murder of a 13-
year-old employee, Mary Phagan. His legal case, and lynching two years later,
became the focus of social, regional, political, and racial concerns - particularly
antisemitism. Various plays, films, and books have been written on or about the case
over the years, such as the films The Gunsaulus Mystery in 1921 and They Won't
Forget in 1937, the TV miniseries The Murder of Mary Phagan in 1988, and the
Broadway musical Parade in 1998. Frank was posthumously pardoned in 1986 by
the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles, which said that its action was
performed "[w]ithout attempting to address the question of guilt or innocence". The
consensus of researchers on the subject is that Frank was wrongly convicted.
Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 - ANSWER-was a mass civil disturbance in Atlanta,
Georgia (USA), which began the evening of September 22 and lasted until
September 24, 1906. It was characterized at the time by Le Petit Journal and other
media outlets as a "racial massacre of negroes".[1] The death toll of the conflict was
at least 25 African Americans[2] along with two confirmed European Americans;[3]
Unofficial reports ranged from 10 -100 African Americans and 2 European
Americans were killed during the riots. The main cause of the race riot was
newspaper-publicized rapes of four white women in separate incidents by African
American men.
Flannery O'Connor - ANSWER-(March 25, 1925 - August 3, 1964) was a American
writer and essayist. An important voice in American literature, she wrote 16 novels
and 32 short stories, as well as a number of reviews and commentaries. She was a
Southern writer who often wrote in a Southern Gothic style and relied heavily on
regional settings and grotesque characters. Her writing also reflected her own
Roman Catholic faith, and frequently examined questions of morality and ethics.
Atlanta - ANSWER-was established in 1837 at the intersection of two railroad lines,
and the city rose from the ashes of the Civil War to become a national center of
commerce. In the decades following the Civil Rights Movement, during which the city
earned a reputation as "too busy to hate" for the progressive views of its citizens and
leaders,[12] Atlanta attained international prominence. Atlanta is the primary
transportation hub of the Southeastern United States, via highway, railroad, and air,
with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport
since 1998.[13][14][15][16]
Three Governors Controversy - ANSWER-In December 1946, Eugene Talmadge,
the governor-elect of Georgia, died. The state constitution did not specify who would
Georgia History Complete Answers
Battle of Bloody Marsh - ANSWER-The Battle of Bloody Marsh took place on July 7,
1742 (new style) between Spanish and British forces on St. Simons Island, part of
the Province of Georgia, resulting in a victory for the British.
Worcester v. Georgia - ANSWER-Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832),
was a case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of
Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-
Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license
from the state was unconstitutional.
Henry Woodfin Grady - ANSWER-(May 24, 1850 - December 23, 1889) was a
journalist and orator who helped reintegrate the states of the former Confederacy
into the Union after the American Civil War. Grady encouraged the industrialization
of the South.[2]
Joseph Emerson Brown - ANSWER-(April 15, 1821 - November 30, 1894), often
referred to as Joe Brown, was the 42nd Governor of Georgia from 1857 to 1865, and
a U.S. Senator from 1880 to 1891. Governor Brown was a leading secessionist in
1861, taking his state out of the Union and into the Confederacy. A former Whig, and
a firm believer in states' rights, he defied the national government's wartime policies.
He resisted the Confederate military draft, and tried to keep as many soldiers at
home as possible (to fight off invaders).[1] He denounced Confederate President
Jefferson Davis as an incipient tyrant. Brown challenged Confederate impressment
of animals, goods, and slaves. Several other governors followed his lead.
Robert Augustus Toombs - ANSWER-(July 2, 1810 - December 15, 1885) was an
American and Confederate political leader, Whig Party senator from Georgia, a
founding father of the Confederacy, its first Secretary of State, and a Confederate
general in the American Civil War of 1861-1865. He feuded bitterly with Confederate
President Jefferson Davis. According to Jacob S. Clawson, he was "a bullish
politician whose blend of acerbic wit, fiery demeanor, and political tact aroused the
full spectrum of emotions from his constituents and colleagues....[he] could not
balance his volatile personality with his otherwise keen political skill."[1]
Battle of Chickamauga - ANSWER-fought September 19-20, 1863,[1] marked the
end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia
called the Chickamauga Campaign. The battle was the most significant Union defeat
in the Western Theater of the American Civil War and involved the second highest
number of casualties in the war following the Battle of Gettysburg. It was the first
major battle of the war that was fought in Georgia.
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain - ANSWER-was fought on June 27, 1864, during the
Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. It was the most significant frontal
assault launched by Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman against the Confederate
, Army of Tennessee under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, ending in a tactical defeat for
the Union forces. Strategically, however, the battle failed to deliver the result that the
Confederacy desperately needed--namely a halt to Sherman's advance on Atlanta.
Andersonville - ANSWER-a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp during the American
Civil War. Most of the site lies in southwestern Macon County, adjacent to the east
side of the town of Andersonville. As well as the former prison, the site also contains
the Andersonville National Cemetery and the National Prisoner of War Museum.
Leo Frank - ANSWER-(April 17, 1884 - August 17, 1915) was a Jewish-American
factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia who was convicted of the murder of a 13-
year-old employee, Mary Phagan. His legal case, and lynching two years later,
became the focus of social, regional, political, and racial concerns - particularly
antisemitism. Various plays, films, and books have been written on or about the case
over the years, such as the films The Gunsaulus Mystery in 1921 and They Won't
Forget in 1937, the TV miniseries The Murder of Mary Phagan in 1988, and the
Broadway musical Parade in 1998. Frank was posthumously pardoned in 1986 by
the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles, which said that its action was
performed "[w]ithout attempting to address the question of guilt or innocence". The
consensus of researchers on the subject is that Frank was wrongly convicted.
Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 - ANSWER-was a mass civil disturbance in Atlanta,
Georgia (USA), which began the evening of September 22 and lasted until
September 24, 1906. It was characterized at the time by Le Petit Journal and other
media outlets as a "racial massacre of negroes".[1] The death toll of the conflict was
at least 25 African Americans[2] along with two confirmed European Americans;[3]
Unofficial reports ranged from 10 -100 African Americans and 2 European
Americans were killed during the riots. The main cause of the race riot was
newspaper-publicized rapes of four white women in separate incidents by African
American men.
Flannery O'Connor - ANSWER-(March 25, 1925 - August 3, 1964) was a American
writer and essayist. An important voice in American literature, she wrote 16 novels
and 32 short stories, as well as a number of reviews and commentaries. She was a
Southern writer who often wrote in a Southern Gothic style and relied heavily on
regional settings and grotesque characters. Her writing also reflected her own
Roman Catholic faith, and frequently examined questions of morality and ethics.
Atlanta - ANSWER-was established in 1837 at the intersection of two railroad lines,
and the city rose from the ashes of the Civil War to become a national center of
commerce. In the decades following the Civil Rights Movement, during which the city
earned a reputation as "too busy to hate" for the progressive views of its citizens and
leaders,[12] Atlanta attained international prominence. Atlanta is the primary
transportation hub of the Southeastern United States, via highway, railroad, and air,
with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport
since 1998.[13][14][15][16]
Three Governors Controversy - ANSWER-In December 1946, Eugene Talmadge,
the governor-elect of Georgia, died. The state constitution did not specify who would
