8/13/25, 8:53 PM NURS170 W4
NURS 170 W4 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2025-2026 \LATEST
VERSION WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS \VERIFIED 100%
True or false: in normal True
conditions, the intake should
equal output in 24 hours
What does recording intake Recording all the fluid that goes into the patient and the fluid that
and output involve leave the body
1. Liquidstaken PO such as water, juice, milk, etc
What are some intake items to 2. Intravenous fluids (IV) such as DSW and DSRL
calculate 3. Feedings via nasograstic or PEG tubes
1. Urine or liquid feces
What are some output items 2. Blood excessive bleeding
to calculate? 3. Drainage from wounds or suction
Regarding intake and All intake and output are recorded
output, what needs to be
done by the end of the
shift
What should you identify If he or she has a medical condition, undergone surgery,
in a patient before you or takes medications that can affect fluid intake or
start calculating intake and loss of
output
What is a sodium deficit Hyponatremia
What is a sodium excess Hypernatremia
1. Fluid excess or deficit
What can happen during a 2. Mental status changes
sodium imbalance 3. Weakness
4. Nausea and vomitting
1/56
,8/13/25, 8:53 PM NURS170 W4
1. Record ice chips as fluid at approximately half of their volume
2. Record the type and amount of all fluids the patient has lost and
the route
3. Describe them as urine, liquid stool, vomitus,
tube drainage, and any fluid aspirated from a
Some important info to body cavity
know about calculating 4. If irrigating a nasogastric or another tube or the
intake and output bladder, measure the amount instilled and subtract
it from total output.
5. Keep toilet paper out of your patient's urine
6. Measure drainage in a
calibrate container 7
observe it at eye level
8. Evaluate patterns and values outside the normal
range, keeping in mind the typical 24- hour intake and
output.
What is a normal amount for 30 ml an hour
urine output per hour?
What is intake The amount taken in by a client
What is output The amount produced y the body of a client
How often should intake and At least every 8 hours or per a facilities protocol
put be recorded
What are electrolytes? Minerals in the body that can conduct electricity
Where are electrolytes found? In urine, blood, tissues, as well as other body fluids
1. Potassium
2. Sodium
What are some electrolytes
4. Calcium
5. Magnesium
How are electrolytes mEq/L
measured
anion=negative
What is an anion? Cation?
ion cation=
positive ion
What is fluid found inside the Intracellular fluid
cell?
What is fluid found outside the extracellular fluid
cell?
2/56
,8/13/25, 8:53 PM NURS170 W4
1. Interstitialfluid
What are examples of 2. Intravascular fluid
extracellular fluid Transcellular fluid
3.
What does isotonic mean Same osmolarity as blood
What does hypertonic mean? Lower osmolarity than blood
What does hypotonic mean? Greater osmolarity than blood
The average person's weight 1/2 to 2/3
is made up of what
percent water?
What is the medical term for Hypovolemia
dehydration
What are three main Fluid overload, raised blood pressure, and jugular vein distinction
signs of fluid
overload?
What does the body do in The pituitary gland will excrete vasopressin (the
order to conserve water antidiuretic hormone). The vasopressin stimulates the
kidneys to excrete less urine which helps.
3/56
, 8/13/25, 8:53 PM NURS170 W4
1. Bounding pulse
2. Elevated blood pressure
3. Respiratory changes
What are some fluid excess
4. Edema
signs and symptoms 5. Increased urine output
6. Weight gain
7. Heart failure
1. Monitor weight and urine output
2. Place in Fowler position
Inventions for excess fluid 3. Administer oxygen
volume 4. Administer diuretics
5. Restrict fluid and sodium
What are two important 1. Tachycardia
symptoms of dehydration 2. Lowered blood pressure
1. Dehydration
2. Overhydration
3. Certain medications
4. History of heart
What are some things which
5. Kidney
can lead to an electrolyte
6. Liver disorders
imbalance
7. Incorrect intravenous fluids
8. Feeds that can lead to an electrolyte imbalance
Normal potassium (K+) values 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal sodium (Na+) values 136-145 mEq/L
Normal calcium (Ca2+) values 9-10.5 mg/dL
Normal magnesium (Mg2+) 1.3-2.1 mg/d
values
What is passive diffusion From higher to lower concentration
movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a
What is active transport?
concentration gradient and requires energy
Potassium is normally found Inside the cells
where
Sodium is normally found Outside the cells
where
1. Maintains ECF's osmolarity (BV and BP)
What are some functions of
sodium 2. Main cation in ECF
1. Maintains RMP and ICF's osmolarity
What are some functions of 2. Neuromuscular and cardiac function
potassium 3. Main cation in ICF
4/56
NURS 170 W4 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2025-2026 \LATEST
VERSION WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS \VERIFIED 100%
True or false: in normal True
conditions, the intake should
equal output in 24 hours
What does recording intake Recording all the fluid that goes into the patient and the fluid that
and output involve leave the body
1. Liquidstaken PO such as water, juice, milk, etc
What are some intake items to 2. Intravenous fluids (IV) such as DSW and DSRL
calculate 3. Feedings via nasograstic or PEG tubes
1. Urine or liquid feces
What are some output items 2. Blood excessive bleeding
to calculate? 3. Drainage from wounds or suction
Regarding intake and All intake and output are recorded
output, what needs to be
done by the end of the
shift
What should you identify If he or she has a medical condition, undergone surgery,
in a patient before you or takes medications that can affect fluid intake or
start calculating intake and loss of
output
What is a sodium deficit Hyponatremia
What is a sodium excess Hypernatremia
1. Fluid excess or deficit
What can happen during a 2. Mental status changes
sodium imbalance 3. Weakness
4. Nausea and vomitting
1/56
,8/13/25, 8:53 PM NURS170 W4
1. Record ice chips as fluid at approximately half of their volume
2. Record the type and amount of all fluids the patient has lost and
the route
3. Describe them as urine, liquid stool, vomitus,
tube drainage, and any fluid aspirated from a
Some important info to body cavity
know about calculating 4. If irrigating a nasogastric or another tube or the
intake and output bladder, measure the amount instilled and subtract
it from total output.
5. Keep toilet paper out of your patient's urine
6. Measure drainage in a
calibrate container 7
observe it at eye level
8. Evaluate patterns and values outside the normal
range, keeping in mind the typical 24- hour intake and
output.
What is a normal amount for 30 ml an hour
urine output per hour?
What is intake The amount taken in by a client
What is output The amount produced y the body of a client
How often should intake and At least every 8 hours or per a facilities protocol
put be recorded
What are electrolytes? Minerals in the body that can conduct electricity
Where are electrolytes found? In urine, blood, tissues, as well as other body fluids
1. Potassium
2. Sodium
What are some electrolytes
4. Calcium
5. Magnesium
How are electrolytes mEq/L
measured
anion=negative
What is an anion? Cation?
ion cation=
positive ion
What is fluid found inside the Intracellular fluid
cell?
What is fluid found outside the extracellular fluid
cell?
2/56
,8/13/25, 8:53 PM NURS170 W4
1. Interstitialfluid
What are examples of 2. Intravascular fluid
extracellular fluid Transcellular fluid
3.
What does isotonic mean Same osmolarity as blood
What does hypertonic mean? Lower osmolarity than blood
What does hypotonic mean? Greater osmolarity than blood
The average person's weight 1/2 to 2/3
is made up of what
percent water?
What is the medical term for Hypovolemia
dehydration
What are three main Fluid overload, raised blood pressure, and jugular vein distinction
signs of fluid
overload?
What does the body do in The pituitary gland will excrete vasopressin (the
order to conserve water antidiuretic hormone). The vasopressin stimulates the
kidneys to excrete less urine which helps.
3/56
, 8/13/25, 8:53 PM NURS170 W4
1. Bounding pulse
2. Elevated blood pressure
3. Respiratory changes
What are some fluid excess
4. Edema
signs and symptoms 5. Increased urine output
6. Weight gain
7. Heart failure
1. Monitor weight and urine output
2. Place in Fowler position
Inventions for excess fluid 3. Administer oxygen
volume 4. Administer diuretics
5. Restrict fluid and sodium
What are two important 1. Tachycardia
symptoms of dehydration 2. Lowered blood pressure
1. Dehydration
2. Overhydration
3. Certain medications
4. History of heart
What are some things which
5. Kidney
can lead to an electrolyte
6. Liver disorders
imbalance
7. Incorrect intravenous fluids
8. Feeds that can lead to an electrolyte imbalance
Normal potassium (K+) values 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal sodium (Na+) values 136-145 mEq/L
Normal calcium (Ca2+) values 9-10.5 mg/dL
Normal magnesium (Mg2+) 1.3-2.1 mg/d
values
What is passive diffusion From higher to lower concentration
movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a
What is active transport?
concentration gradient and requires energy
Potassium is normally found Inside the cells
where
Sodium is normally found Outside the cells
where
1. Maintains ECF's osmolarity (BV and BP)
What are some functions of
sodium 2. Main cation in ECF
1. Maintains RMP and ICF's osmolarity
What are some functions of 2. Neuromuscular and cardiac function
potassium 3. Main cation in ICF
4/56
