Critical Care Beaumont Study Exam Questions & Answers.
1. Cardiac Output CO = HR x SV
4 to 8 liters a min
2. Cardiac index is cardiac output that is corrected for ditterence in body size
CO/BSA
2.5 to 4 L a min
3. What is preload? The degree to which muscle fibers are stretched; based on venous tone
and
circulating blood volume
4. What can Hypervolemia or vasoconstriction
increase
preload? give diuretic or vasodilator
5. What can decrease Hypovolemia or vasodilation
preload?
6. Cardiac increased
tampon- ade HR Low BP
s/s muffled heart
sounds CVP is
high distended
neck veins
is a sign of decreased preload
7. Afterload force LV must use to overcome aortic valve
8. Contractility hearts ability to contract
to raise: optimize preload, afterload, check ABG, +inotropes
9. Cardiac cells Myocardial cells - working or mechanical cells
1/
25
, critical care
beaumont
Pacemaker cells - responsible for spontaneous generation and condition of
impulses
10. 5 lead wire Clouds over Grass on right side of pt's body
place- ment Smoke over fire on left side of pt's body
Brown in the middle
should be at least 2 inches away from pacemaker
electrodes to be changed Q24'
11. P waves Represents atrial depolarization
(contraction) should be upwards or
positive
represents the SA node (60-100)
12. PR interval 0.12 to 0.20 seconds
represents the length of time it takes for the impulse to travel from the
atria to the ventricles
if it is prolonged (>0.20), it is a block
13. ST segment should be flat
Elevation: acute
injury
Depression: ischemia/chronic
14. T waves represents ventricular repolarization
2/
25
, critical care
beaumont
peaked T waves may be seen with hyperkalemia
T wave inversion (negative or upside down) may indicate ischemia
3/
25
1. Cardiac Output CO = HR x SV
4 to 8 liters a min
2. Cardiac index is cardiac output that is corrected for ditterence in body size
CO/BSA
2.5 to 4 L a min
3. What is preload? The degree to which muscle fibers are stretched; based on venous tone
and
circulating blood volume
4. What can Hypervolemia or vasoconstriction
increase
preload? give diuretic or vasodilator
5. What can decrease Hypovolemia or vasodilation
preload?
6. Cardiac increased
tampon- ade HR Low BP
s/s muffled heart
sounds CVP is
high distended
neck veins
is a sign of decreased preload
7. Afterload force LV must use to overcome aortic valve
8. Contractility hearts ability to contract
to raise: optimize preload, afterload, check ABG, +inotropes
9. Cardiac cells Myocardial cells - working or mechanical cells
1/
25
, critical care
beaumont
Pacemaker cells - responsible for spontaneous generation and condition of
impulses
10. 5 lead wire Clouds over Grass on right side of pt's body
place- ment Smoke over fire on left side of pt's body
Brown in the middle
should be at least 2 inches away from pacemaker
electrodes to be changed Q24'
11. P waves Represents atrial depolarization
(contraction) should be upwards or
positive
represents the SA node (60-100)
12. PR interval 0.12 to 0.20 seconds
represents the length of time it takes for the impulse to travel from the
atria to the ventricles
if it is prolonged (>0.20), it is a block
13. ST segment should be flat
Elevation: acute
injury
Depression: ischemia/chronic
14. T waves represents ventricular repolarization
2/
25
, critical care
beaumont
peaked T waves may be seen with hyperkalemia
T wave inversion (negative or upside down) may indicate ischemia
3/
25
