Pathology NBME - Cardiovascular
Cardiac myxomas most often found where.. - ANS-left atrium.. can embolize into
systemic circulation
\Diminished S2 sound in aortic stenosis due to.. - ANS-reduced leaflet/ valve mobility
\Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) manifestations.. - ANS-sinusitis/otitis,
lung nodules-cavitation-infiltrates, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, ANCA
positive, necrotizing vasculitis with granulomas
\increased JVP with inspiration referred as.. - ANS-Kussmaul sign
\Longstanding HTN causes this type of cardiac hypertrophy.. - ANS-concentric, wall
thickening
\Low myocardial blood flow (transient ischemia) causes myocardial cells to swell
because.. - ANS-Transition to anaerobic glycolysis leads to low ATP and build up of
metabolites which leads to low function of sarcoplasmic ATPases that pump Ca+ out
of cytosol. Ca+ BUILDS UP IN CYTOSOL
\Malignant HTN causes which type of renal pathology.. - ANS-malignant
nephrosclerosis (fibrinoid necrosis and hyperplastic arteriosclerosis-onion skinning)
\Most common cause of pericarditis,, - ANS-viral infection
\Most common cause of renal infarction (seen as wedged shape).. - ANS-systemic
thromboembolism from LV or LA
\Most common heart defect in down syndrome.. - ANS-Single AV valve, ventricular
septal defect, failure of endocardial cushions to fuse. Complete AV canal defect
\New systolic murmur after MI (which is fixed after reperfusion) may be due to.. -
ANS-Papillary muscle dysfunction and mitral regurg
\Peripartum cardiomyopathy is this type of cardiomyopathy.. - ANS-dilated
cardiomyopathy (decreased ejection fraction, increased compliance)
\Physical exam signs of constrictive pericarditis.. - ANS-elevated JVP, pulsus
paradoxis ( greater than 10mmHg drop in systolic blood pressure during inspiration),
pericardial knock, kussmaul sign
\Volume overload (mitral insufficeincy) causes this type of cardiac hypertrophy.. -
ANS-eccentric, ventricle dilation and reduced wall thickness
\Young adult with sudden syncopal episode and prolonged QT interval may have a
defect in.. - ANS-cardiac membrane K+ channel proteins
\
Cardiac myxomas most often found where.. - ANS-left atrium.. can embolize into
systemic circulation
\Diminished S2 sound in aortic stenosis due to.. - ANS-reduced leaflet/ valve mobility
\Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) manifestations.. - ANS-sinusitis/otitis,
lung nodules-cavitation-infiltrates, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, ANCA
positive, necrotizing vasculitis with granulomas
\increased JVP with inspiration referred as.. - ANS-Kussmaul sign
\Longstanding HTN causes this type of cardiac hypertrophy.. - ANS-concentric, wall
thickening
\Low myocardial blood flow (transient ischemia) causes myocardial cells to swell
because.. - ANS-Transition to anaerobic glycolysis leads to low ATP and build up of
metabolites which leads to low function of sarcoplasmic ATPases that pump Ca+ out
of cytosol. Ca+ BUILDS UP IN CYTOSOL
\Malignant HTN causes which type of renal pathology.. - ANS-malignant
nephrosclerosis (fibrinoid necrosis and hyperplastic arteriosclerosis-onion skinning)
\Most common cause of pericarditis,, - ANS-viral infection
\Most common cause of renal infarction (seen as wedged shape).. - ANS-systemic
thromboembolism from LV or LA
\Most common heart defect in down syndrome.. - ANS-Single AV valve, ventricular
septal defect, failure of endocardial cushions to fuse. Complete AV canal defect
\New systolic murmur after MI (which is fixed after reperfusion) may be due to.. -
ANS-Papillary muscle dysfunction and mitral regurg
\Peripartum cardiomyopathy is this type of cardiomyopathy.. - ANS-dilated
cardiomyopathy (decreased ejection fraction, increased compliance)
\Physical exam signs of constrictive pericarditis.. - ANS-elevated JVP, pulsus
paradoxis ( greater than 10mmHg drop in systolic blood pressure during inspiration),
pericardial knock, kussmaul sign
\Volume overload (mitral insufficeincy) causes this type of cardiac hypertrophy.. -
ANS-eccentric, ventricle dilation and reduced wall thickness
\Young adult with sudden syncopal episode and prolonged QT interval may have a
defect in.. - ANS-cardiac membrane K+ channel proteins
\
