BKAT Study Guide Exam Questions & Answers.
1. What to do first if
Rest! patient has
chest pain.
2. ECG changes ST elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full
in an acute thickness loss of muscle. EMERGENCY.
MI
3. Inferior leads II, III, aVF. RCA occlusion.
4. Septal leads V1 & V2.
5. Anterior leads V1 - V4. LAD lesion.
6. Lateral leads V5, V6, I, and aVL. Circumflex lesion.
7. Cardiac enzymes Troponins, CK-MB, and CK
8. Changes in CK Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
9. Changes Released after myocardial necrosis. Specific for myocardial
in CK-MB damage. Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
10. Troponin I Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 5-10 days
11. Troponin T Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
, BKAT Study Guide Exam Questions & Answers.
Peak: 12-48 hours
Normal: 5-14 days
12. Common Aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve
condi- regurgi-
tions that cause a tation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve stenosis
murmur
13. Drugs to (Arterial Dilators) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca
de- crease channel blockers
after-
load/SVR/PV
R (Vasopressors) Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine
14. Drugs to in-
creased
after- Beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca
load/SVR/PV chan- nel blockers
R
15. Drugs to de-
crease
contractil-
ity/SVI
16. Drugs to increase Positive inotropes, dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin
contractility/SVI
17. Drugs to de- crease pre- load/CVP/PAWP
crease pre-
load/CVP/PAW 19. Complications when using thrombolytics
P
18. Drugs to in-
, BKAT Study Guide Exam Questions & Answers.
Venous Dilators -
Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, Volume - Colloid, crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
amrinone, alpha & Ca Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide,
bumex, mannitol Allergic reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
, BKAT Study Guide Exam Questions & Answers.
20. Failure to capture Pacer delivers a stimulus at the appropriate time but no
depolarization occurs. No P or QRS wave after pacer spike.
21. Failure to No pacer spikes seen
fire/pace
22. Failure to sense Pacemaker does not detects heart's intrinsic activity or interprets noncardi
activity as intrinsic activity. Spikes in inappropriate times.
23. Normal PR 0.12 - 0.20
24. Normal QRS 0.04-0.10
25. Normal QT Less than 0.48. Varies by age, HR, and gender.
26. Vasopressors Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, phenylephrine/neosynephrine
va-
sopressin/pitressin, milrinone/Primacor, dobutamine/Dobutrex
27. Indication Acts on SNS to increased HR and BP. Indicated for hypotension, low CO,
for decreased renal blood flow. Use if patient is bradycardic.
dopamine/I
n- tropin
Low: 0.5-2 mcg/kg/min (dopaminergic)
28. Doses of Intermediate: 2-10 mcg/kg/min (beta receptors, increases
dopamine CO) High: over 10 mcg/kg/min (alpha receptors,
vasoconstrict)
29. SE of dopamine Watch volume and starting BP. Use central line. Inactivated by sodium
bicarb. Can cause acidosis. SE: ectopic beats, tachycardia, tissue
necrosis d/t extravasation
30. Treatment travasation
of dopamine
ex-
1. What to do first if
Rest! patient has
chest pain.
2. ECG changes ST elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full
in an acute thickness loss of muscle. EMERGENCY.
MI
3. Inferior leads II, III, aVF. RCA occlusion.
4. Septal leads V1 & V2.
5. Anterior leads V1 - V4. LAD lesion.
6. Lateral leads V5, V6, I, and aVL. Circumflex lesion.
7. Cardiac enzymes Troponins, CK-MB, and CK
8. Changes in CK Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
9. Changes Released after myocardial necrosis. Specific for myocardial
in CK-MB damage. Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
10. Troponin I Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 5-10 days
11. Troponin T Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
, BKAT Study Guide Exam Questions & Answers.
Peak: 12-48 hours
Normal: 5-14 days
12. Common Aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve
condi- regurgi-
tions that cause a tation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve stenosis
murmur
13. Drugs to (Arterial Dilators) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca
de- crease channel blockers
after-
load/SVR/PV
R (Vasopressors) Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine
14. Drugs to in-
creased
after- Beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca
load/SVR/PV chan- nel blockers
R
15. Drugs to de-
crease
contractil-
ity/SVI
16. Drugs to increase Positive inotropes, dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin
contractility/SVI
17. Drugs to de- crease pre- load/CVP/PAWP
crease pre-
load/CVP/PAW 19. Complications when using thrombolytics
P
18. Drugs to in-
, BKAT Study Guide Exam Questions & Answers.
Venous Dilators -
Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, Volume - Colloid, crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
amrinone, alpha & Ca Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide,
bumex, mannitol Allergic reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
, BKAT Study Guide Exam Questions & Answers.
20. Failure to capture Pacer delivers a stimulus at the appropriate time but no
depolarization occurs. No P or QRS wave after pacer spike.
21. Failure to No pacer spikes seen
fire/pace
22. Failure to sense Pacemaker does not detects heart's intrinsic activity or interprets noncardi
activity as intrinsic activity. Spikes in inappropriate times.
23. Normal PR 0.12 - 0.20
24. Normal QRS 0.04-0.10
25. Normal QT Less than 0.48. Varies by age, HR, and gender.
26. Vasopressors Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, phenylephrine/neosynephrine
va-
sopressin/pitressin, milrinone/Primacor, dobutamine/Dobutrex
27. Indication Acts on SNS to increased HR and BP. Indicated for hypotension, low CO,
for decreased renal blood flow. Use if patient is bradycardic.
dopamine/I
n- tropin
Low: 0.5-2 mcg/kg/min (dopaminergic)
28. Doses of Intermediate: 2-10 mcg/kg/min (beta receptors, increases
dopamine CO) High: over 10 mcg/kg/min (alpha receptors,
vasoconstrict)
29. SE of dopamine Watch volume and starting BP. Use central line. Inactivated by sodium
bicarb. Can cause acidosis. SE: ectopic beats, tachycardia, tissue
necrosis d/t extravasation
30. Treatment travasation
of dopamine
ex-
