Acute Kidney Injury Nclex Questions With Complete
Solutions
A client agrees to receive long-term hemodialysis to treat acute
kidney injury (AKI). Based on this information, the nurse should
prepare the client for which surgical procedure?
A) Insertion of a double-lumen catheter into the subclavian
artery
B) Placement of a peritoneal catheter
C) Insertion of a subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt
D) Placement of an arteriovenous fistula Correct Answers
Answer: D
Explanation: For long-term vascular access needed for
hemodialysis, an arteriovenous (AV) fistula is created. The
fistula is created by surgical anastomosis of an artery and vein,
usually the radial artery and cephalic vein. It takes about a
month for the fistula to mature so that it can be used for taking
and replacing blood during dialysis. A double-lumen catheter
inserted into a major artery is used as temporary vascular access
for continuous renal replacement therapy. A peritoneal catheter
is used for peritoneal dialysis, not hemodialysis. A
subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt is used to remove excess
cerebrospinal fluid and not for hemodialysis.
A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) has jugular
vein distention, lower extremity edema, and elevated blood
pressure. Based on this data, which nursing diagnosis is most
appropriate?
, A) Ineffective Renal Tissue Perfusion
B) Excess Fluid Volume
C) Risk for Decreased Cardiac Tissue Perfusion
D) Risk for Infection Correct Answers Answer: B
Explanation: Jugular vein distention, edema, and elevated blood
pressure are all indications of excess fluid. Thus, the diagnosis
Excess Fluid Volume should be selected to guide this client's
care. Oliguria or reduced urine output would be a symptom
associated with Ineffective Renal Tissue Perfusion. Alterations
in heart rate and rhythm would be symptoms associated with
Risk for Decreased Cardiac Tissue Perfusion. The client is not
demonstrating any manifestations that indicate a Risk for
Infection.
A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) is receiving
peritoneal dialysis. The nurse is explaining the dialysis process
to the client and family. Which statement should the nurse
include in this discussion?
A) "The peritoneum is more permeable because of the presence
of excess metabolites."
B) "The metabolites will diffuse from the interstitial space to the
bloodstream mainly through diffusion and ultrafiltration."
C) "The peritoneum acts as a semipermeable membrane through
which wastes move by diffusion and osmosis."
D) "The solutes in the dialysate will enter the bloodstream
through the peritoneum." Correct Answers Answer: C
Explanation: The peritoneum acts as a semipermeable
membrane, allowing substances to move from an area of high
Solutions
A client agrees to receive long-term hemodialysis to treat acute
kidney injury (AKI). Based on this information, the nurse should
prepare the client for which surgical procedure?
A) Insertion of a double-lumen catheter into the subclavian
artery
B) Placement of a peritoneal catheter
C) Insertion of a subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt
D) Placement of an arteriovenous fistula Correct Answers
Answer: D
Explanation: For long-term vascular access needed for
hemodialysis, an arteriovenous (AV) fistula is created. The
fistula is created by surgical anastomosis of an artery and vein,
usually the radial artery and cephalic vein. It takes about a
month for the fistula to mature so that it can be used for taking
and replacing blood during dialysis. A double-lumen catheter
inserted into a major artery is used as temporary vascular access
for continuous renal replacement therapy. A peritoneal catheter
is used for peritoneal dialysis, not hemodialysis. A
subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt is used to remove excess
cerebrospinal fluid and not for hemodialysis.
A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) has jugular
vein distention, lower extremity edema, and elevated blood
pressure. Based on this data, which nursing diagnosis is most
appropriate?
, A) Ineffective Renal Tissue Perfusion
B) Excess Fluid Volume
C) Risk for Decreased Cardiac Tissue Perfusion
D) Risk for Infection Correct Answers Answer: B
Explanation: Jugular vein distention, edema, and elevated blood
pressure are all indications of excess fluid. Thus, the diagnosis
Excess Fluid Volume should be selected to guide this client's
care. Oliguria or reduced urine output would be a symptom
associated with Ineffective Renal Tissue Perfusion. Alterations
in heart rate and rhythm would be symptoms associated with
Risk for Decreased Cardiac Tissue Perfusion. The client is not
demonstrating any manifestations that indicate a Risk for
Infection.
A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) is receiving
peritoneal dialysis. The nurse is explaining the dialysis process
to the client and family. Which statement should the nurse
include in this discussion?
A) "The peritoneum is more permeable because of the presence
of excess metabolites."
B) "The metabolites will diffuse from the interstitial space to the
bloodstream mainly through diffusion and ultrafiltration."
C) "The peritoneum acts as a semipermeable membrane through
which wastes move by diffusion and osmosis."
D) "The solutes in the dialysate will enter the bloodstream
through the peritoneum." Correct Answers Answer: C
Explanation: The peritoneum acts as a semipermeable
membrane, allowing substances to move from an area of high
