NUR 631 - FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Where do we hold DNA inside the cell? - ANS Nucleus
What is it called when cell's commit suicide/programmed cell death? - ANS Apoptosis
In carbon monoxide poisoning, what would we see and why? - ANS Tissue damage d/t CO
binding on hemoglobin preventing oxygen from being able to bind to those sites, preventing
tissue oxygenation
If ph is LOW, Bicarb is HIGH and CO2 is HIGH what condition do we have? - ANS Respiratory
acidosis
How do molecules get intracellular or extracellular? - ANS Water molecules via osmosis,
other molecules via hydrostatic pressure
If a patient is vomiting a lot, what would they develop and why? - ANS Metabolic alkalosis -
they are losing all gastric acid contents and holding onto bicarb
To exam for neural tube defects in an amniocentesis, what are we looking at? - ANS Alpha
fetal protein
Why would a newborn have type 1 DM? What kind of condition is it? - ANS Autoimmune
disorder
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, What symptoms will someone with Trisomy 21 have? - ANS Wide eyes, webbed neck, short
stature, flat low-set ears, low nasal bridge, IQ <70
What gene is responsible for the maintenance of all other cells? - ANS Housekeeping genes
If a patient comes in with chronic wounds that aren't healing, what are we thinking about? -
ANS Diabetes - some underlying condition preventing proper wound healing
If a newborn does not have enough collectin proteins what kind of infection would they
develop? - ANS A respiratory infection - pneumonia
Where do B Lymphocytes grow and mature? - ANS Bone marrow
If someone gets a vaccination or gets chicken pox from someone else, what kind of immunity
do they have? - ANS Active-acquired immunity
Why do we give rhogam? - ANS To prevent hemolytic anema - given to Rh negative mom
with Rh positive baby
Why does someone have rejection occur after an organ transplant? - ANS T helper cells
release cytokines, cytotoxins attack endothelial cells and cause tissue damage
What is happening at a cellular level in a type II sensitivity reaction? - ANS Antibodies bind
antigens on the cell surface
What is an exotoxin? - ANS This is released by bacteria and causes you to get sick
What cells fight fungal infections? - ANS Phagocytes, T lymphocytes
2
Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
AND ANSWERS
Where do we hold DNA inside the cell? - ANS Nucleus
What is it called when cell's commit suicide/programmed cell death? - ANS Apoptosis
In carbon monoxide poisoning, what would we see and why? - ANS Tissue damage d/t CO
binding on hemoglobin preventing oxygen from being able to bind to those sites, preventing
tissue oxygenation
If ph is LOW, Bicarb is HIGH and CO2 is HIGH what condition do we have? - ANS Respiratory
acidosis
How do molecules get intracellular or extracellular? - ANS Water molecules via osmosis,
other molecules via hydrostatic pressure
If a patient is vomiting a lot, what would they develop and why? - ANS Metabolic alkalosis -
they are losing all gastric acid contents and holding onto bicarb
To exam for neural tube defects in an amniocentesis, what are we looking at? - ANS Alpha
fetal protein
Why would a newborn have type 1 DM? What kind of condition is it? - ANS Autoimmune
disorder
1Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
, What symptoms will someone with Trisomy 21 have? - ANS Wide eyes, webbed neck, short
stature, flat low-set ears, low nasal bridge, IQ <70
What gene is responsible for the maintenance of all other cells? - ANS Housekeeping genes
If a patient comes in with chronic wounds that aren't healing, what are we thinking about? -
ANS Diabetes - some underlying condition preventing proper wound healing
If a newborn does not have enough collectin proteins what kind of infection would they
develop? - ANS A respiratory infection - pneumonia
Where do B Lymphocytes grow and mature? - ANS Bone marrow
If someone gets a vaccination or gets chicken pox from someone else, what kind of immunity
do they have? - ANS Active-acquired immunity
Why do we give rhogam? - ANS To prevent hemolytic anema - given to Rh negative mom
with Rh positive baby
Why does someone have rejection occur after an organ transplant? - ANS T helper cells
release cytokines, cytotoxins attack endothelial cells and cause tissue damage
What is happening at a cellular level in a type II sensitivity reaction? - ANS Antibodies bind
antigens on the cell surface
What is an exotoxin? - ANS This is released by bacteria and causes you to get sick
What cells fight fungal infections? - ANS Phagocytes, T lymphocytes
2
Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
