MEDICAL UCLA EMT UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Risk factors for esophageal varices - -- severe cirhosis/liver failure
- excessive alcohol use
- excessive vomiting
- portal hypertension
-Esophageal varices - -enlarged veins in the esophagus
-Meningitis - -inflammation of the meninges
- quick onset (12-24 hrs)
- s/s fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status
- Very contagious and very deadly once symptoms are present
-PPE for a pt. with Meningitis - -- Both you and your pt. should wear N-95 masks
-Tuberculosis s/s - -bloody sputum, night sweats, fevers, sudden weight loss
-Only contagious form of TB - -Respiratory
-Measles s/s - -Koplik spots: start on head and shower down body (also seen in mouth)
-MRSA - -- bacteria that causes infections
- resistant to many antibiotics
- can be transferred in hospitals between patients
-Ebola - -- viral hemorrhagic fever
- pt. loses a lot of fluids
- fatality can be as high as 70% without prompt treatment
-Important travel medicine questions - -- Is anyone else in your party sick?
- Where did you drink water from?
- What types of food did you eat?
- Did you receive any vaccinations before the trip?
-Fistula - -medical device that connects vein and artery system (used a lot for dialysis)
-Port - -medical device under the skin for easy access with a needle
-Shunt - -Medical device that relieves pressure caused by excess fluid in body by
redirecting it (commonly moves CFS in brain)
-left ventricular assist device - -Maintains cardiac function without the heart
- pt. with this will not have a pulse
, -Sickle cell disease - -- 10-20% of RBCs are sickle shaped
- pt. will present with abdominal pain (secondary to spleen working very hard to filter out
deformed RBCs)
- joint pain: caused by RBCs getting caught in tight spaces (joints)
- Treatment: take to hospital
-Thrombophilia - -tendency to develop blood clots
-Hemophilia - -congenital disease: impaired ability to form clots
-Peritonitis - -inflammation of the peritoneum (by illness or injury)
-Hematemisis - -vomiting blood
-Coffee ground emesis - -vomit digested old blood
-hematochezia - -blood in stool
-melena - -digested blood in stool (black and tarry)
-hematuria - -blood in urine
-Somatic abdominal pain - -Sharp, intense pain; well localized to area of irritation from
injury
-Visceral abdominal pain - -dull, general, poorly localized (caused by hollow organs,
smooth muscle)
-What to do if abdominal pain is present - -- palpate all 4 quadrants
- ask about previous conditions
-Treatments for abdominal pain - -- position of comfort (fetal position)
- primary concerns treatment
- treat for shock (if present)
- NO ORAL administration
-Upper GI bleeding symptoms - -- bright red vomit, dark tarry stools
-Lower GI Bleeding symptoms - -bright blood in stool
-esophageal varices - -enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
-Concerns with esophageal varices - -- maintaining airway (should lay in a mix of supine
and recovery in case of vomiting/blood)
- shock (if varices pop)
and CORRECT Answers
Risk factors for esophageal varices - -- severe cirhosis/liver failure
- excessive alcohol use
- excessive vomiting
- portal hypertension
-Esophageal varices - -enlarged veins in the esophagus
-Meningitis - -inflammation of the meninges
- quick onset (12-24 hrs)
- s/s fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status
- Very contagious and very deadly once symptoms are present
-PPE for a pt. with Meningitis - -- Both you and your pt. should wear N-95 masks
-Tuberculosis s/s - -bloody sputum, night sweats, fevers, sudden weight loss
-Only contagious form of TB - -Respiratory
-Measles s/s - -Koplik spots: start on head and shower down body (also seen in mouth)
-MRSA - -- bacteria that causes infections
- resistant to many antibiotics
- can be transferred in hospitals between patients
-Ebola - -- viral hemorrhagic fever
- pt. loses a lot of fluids
- fatality can be as high as 70% without prompt treatment
-Important travel medicine questions - -- Is anyone else in your party sick?
- Where did you drink water from?
- What types of food did you eat?
- Did you receive any vaccinations before the trip?
-Fistula - -medical device that connects vein and artery system (used a lot for dialysis)
-Port - -medical device under the skin for easy access with a needle
-Shunt - -Medical device that relieves pressure caused by excess fluid in body by
redirecting it (commonly moves CFS in brain)
-left ventricular assist device - -Maintains cardiac function without the heart
- pt. with this will not have a pulse
, -Sickle cell disease - -- 10-20% of RBCs are sickle shaped
- pt. will present with abdominal pain (secondary to spleen working very hard to filter out
deformed RBCs)
- joint pain: caused by RBCs getting caught in tight spaces (joints)
- Treatment: take to hospital
-Thrombophilia - -tendency to develop blood clots
-Hemophilia - -congenital disease: impaired ability to form clots
-Peritonitis - -inflammation of the peritoneum (by illness or injury)
-Hematemisis - -vomiting blood
-Coffee ground emesis - -vomit digested old blood
-hematochezia - -blood in stool
-melena - -digested blood in stool (black and tarry)
-hematuria - -blood in urine
-Somatic abdominal pain - -Sharp, intense pain; well localized to area of irritation from
injury
-Visceral abdominal pain - -dull, general, poorly localized (caused by hollow organs,
smooth muscle)
-What to do if abdominal pain is present - -- palpate all 4 quadrants
- ask about previous conditions
-Treatments for abdominal pain - -- position of comfort (fetal position)
- primary concerns treatment
- treat for shock (if present)
- NO ORAL administration
-Upper GI bleeding symptoms - -- bright red vomit, dark tarry stools
-Lower GI Bleeding symptoms - -bright blood in stool
-esophageal varices - -enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
-Concerns with esophageal varices - -- maintaining airway (should lay in a mix of supine
and recovery in case of vomiting/blood)
- shock (if varices pop)
