PSYC-100: Exam 1 questions and
answers certification to Study Guide
(1) create a vision and opportunity to understand and combine diversity and intercultural
relations. Studying cross-cultural psychology allows researchers to understand and explain
behavior which an
(2) promote personal growth and positive social evolution. Cross-cultural research allows us to
test limitations of our knowledge to see if these theories are universal, or true for all cultures, or
culture-specific. It can help people be more open-minded and reduce ethnocentrism. -
answers✔✔How would you convince someone that cross-cultural research is important? It does
not matter how long your response is if you provide at least two convincing reasons.
(1) Identifying culture-specific values, cognitive categories, or forms of behavior,
(2) Understanding the relationship between ecological and psychological variables,
(3) Identifying human universals,
(4) Testing the generality of psychological models or theories, and
(5) Studying the effect of cultural change. - answers✔✔Be able to list the functions of cultural
research.
Values:
(1) Individualism vs. collectivism
(2) Power distance
(3) Sacred values
Beliefs:
,(1) Societal cynicism
(2) Religion
Norms:
(1) Etiquette and politeness
(2) Expressive behavior
(3) Tightness vs. looseness
Attitudes:
(1) Opinions
(2) Stereotypes
(3) Prejudice
Worldviews:
(1) Self-concept
(2) Attributions - answers✔✔What are the subjective elements of culture?
The relationship between historical prevalence of pathogens and culture are historical cultural
norms promoted conformity to deal with increased risk of pathogens. Pathogen presence has
been found to be negatively correlated with individualist cultures and positively correlated with
collectivist cultures. - answers✔✔What is the relationship between historical prevalence of
pathogens and
individualism/collectivism?
5-HTT is linked to mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Greater population frequency of S
allele carriers is associated with decreased prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders due to
increased cultural collectivism. - answers✔✔Be able to explain the associations of the 5-HTT
gene with collectivism and mood disorders.
, The characteristics of tight nations reflect those of collectivist cultures. Tight nations typically
display a stricter government and more conformity. Whereas loose cultures display more
democratic governments and autonomy. - answers✔✔What are the characteristics of tight and
loose nations? What are the associations of cultural and ecological variables with tightness?
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters, and
ultimately viewing their ethnicity and/or culture superior. An example of ethnocentrism is an
obvious one in WWII. When Nazi Germany started imprisoning Jewish people into internment
camps because they were deemed inferior to Hitler's "Aryan" race. Variable correlated with
ethnocentrism include:
(1) Intercultural competence,
(2) Willingness to communicate,
(3) Intercultural communication sensitivity, and (
(4) Participation in study abroad programs. Between the U.S. and Japan, Japan had higher levels
of ethnocentrism. - answers✔✔Be able to define ethnocentrism, give an example, and explain
cross-cultural differences.
In a recent study (2013), it was found that ethnocentrism does affect how an individual
perceives an accent. In the study, a professor gave a lecture in their American accent and a
Chinese accent, and then asked the students to rate the lecture. It was found that students who
scored higher in ethnocentrism disliked the lecture given with a Chinese accent, even though
both lectures were presented the same. - answers✔✔What is the relationship between
ethnocentrism and having an accent?
Highest to Lowest
Power Distance = (Ba,Ch,N,G,E,Br,G,J,Ca,U,S)
1. Bangladesh (80); 2. China (80); 3. Nigeria (80); 4. Ghana (80); 5. Egypt (70); 6. Brazil (69); 7.
Greece (60); 8. Japan (54); 9. Canada (39); 10. US (40); 11. Sweden (31)
answers certification to Study Guide
(1) create a vision and opportunity to understand and combine diversity and intercultural
relations. Studying cross-cultural psychology allows researchers to understand and explain
behavior which an
(2) promote personal growth and positive social evolution. Cross-cultural research allows us to
test limitations of our knowledge to see if these theories are universal, or true for all cultures, or
culture-specific. It can help people be more open-minded and reduce ethnocentrism. -
answers✔✔How would you convince someone that cross-cultural research is important? It does
not matter how long your response is if you provide at least two convincing reasons.
(1) Identifying culture-specific values, cognitive categories, or forms of behavior,
(2) Understanding the relationship between ecological and psychological variables,
(3) Identifying human universals,
(4) Testing the generality of psychological models or theories, and
(5) Studying the effect of cultural change. - answers✔✔Be able to list the functions of cultural
research.
Values:
(1) Individualism vs. collectivism
(2) Power distance
(3) Sacred values
Beliefs:
,(1) Societal cynicism
(2) Religion
Norms:
(1) Etiquette and politeness
(2) Expressive behavior
(3) Tightness vs. looseness
Attitudes:
(1) Opinions
(2) Stereotypes
(3) Prejudice
Worldviews:
(1) Self-concept
(2) Attributions - answers✔✔What are the subjective elements of culture?
The relationship between historical prevalence of pathogens and culture are historical cultural
norms promoted conformity to deal with increased risk of pathogens. Pathogen presence has
been found to be negatively correlated with individualist cultures and positively correlated with
collectivist cultures. - answers✔✔What is the relationship between historical prevalence of
pathogens and
individualism/collectivism?
5-HTT is linked to mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Greater population frequency of S
allele carriers is associated with decreased prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders due to
increased cultural collectivism. - answers✔✔Be able to explain the associations of the 5-HTT
gene with collectivism and mood disorders.
, The characteristics of tight nations reflect those of collectivist cultures. Tight nations typically
display a stricter government and more conformity. Whereas loose cultures display more
democratic governments and autonomy. - answers✔✔What are the characteristics of tight and
loose nations? What are the associations of cultural and ecological variables with tightness?
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters, and
ultimately viewing their ethnicity and/or culture superior. An example of ethnocentrism is an
obvious one in WWII. When Nazi Germany started imprisoning Jewish people into internment
camps because they were deemed inferior to Hitler's "Aryan" race. Variable correlated with
ethnocentrism include:
(1) Intercultural competence,
(2) Willingness to communicate,
(3) Intercultural communication sensitivity, and (
(4) Participation in study abroad programs. Between the U.S. and Japan, Japan had higher levels
of ethnocentrism. - answers✔✔Be able to define ethnocentrism, give an example, and explain
cross-cultural differences.
In a recent study (2013), it was found that ethnocentrism does affect how an individual
perceives an accent. In the study, a professor gave a lecture in their American accent and a
Chinese accent, and then asked the students to rate the lecture. It was found that students who
scored higher in ethnocentrism disliked the lecture given with a Chinese accent, even though
both lectures were presented the same. - answers✔✔What is the relationship between
ethnocentrism and having an accent?
Highest to Lowest
Power Distance = (Ba,Ch,N,G,E,Br,G,J,Ca,U,S)
1. Bangladesh (80); 2. China (80); 3. Nigeria (80); 4. Ghana (80); 5. Egypt (70); 6. Brazil (69); 7.
Greece (60); 8. Japan (54); 9. Canada (39); 10. US (40); 11. Sweden (31)
