1. words that indicate given that, seeing that, for the reason that, owing to, as
premis- es
indicated by, after all, on the grounds that
2. words that indicate
conclu- sions consequently, therefore, as a result, so, clearly, it follows that,
ac- cordingly, we may conclude, it entails, hence, thus, we
may infer that, it must be that, it implies that, that is why
3. for, since, because words that introduce premises, but always appear in
sentences
where the conclusion is part of the sentence (example: Since I
haven't eaten all day, I am hungry.)
4. but, although, however indicate a turn or switch from context or someone else's
argument
over to the author's argument
5. some people say introduces context or another person's argument
6. words that imply
sufficient conditions if, when, where, all, the only, every, any
7. "must be true" the correct answer choice CANNOT be false, the 4 incorrect
choices COULD be false
8. "must be false" the correct answer choice CANNOT be true, the 4 incorrect
answer
choices COULD be true
9. "could be true" the correct answer choice COULD be true, the 4 incorrect
answer
choices CANNOT be true and must be false
10. "could be false" the correct answer choice COULD be false, the 4 incorrect
answer
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