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What are the 3 components of body image? ANSW ✔✔ Perceptual
psychological
Social
Factors influencing adjustment to body image ANSW ✔✔ Influence on time
meaning and significance
social + cultural influences
healthcare team members
age
gender
coping mechanisms
4 body image issues that are influenced by chronic disease ANSW ✔✔ 1.
external changes - visible changes, funcitonal changes, how fast have the
changes happened
2. appearance may draw attention to stigmatizing cause
3. Visibility and invisibility of body image alternations
4. functional limitations
Name a few possible interventions for body image ANSW ✔✔ communication
self-help/support groups
education and anticipatory guidance
self-care
,prostheses
Does chronic illness affect sexuality? ANSW ✔✔ absolutely
Implications of CAD on sexuality ANSW ✔✔ Post-MI risk of sexual activity is
assessed
Education about sexual activities is also part of cardiac rehab
Implications of diabetes of sexuality ANSW ✔✔ Erectile dysfunction is
common but manageable with glycemic control
diabetic women may experience decreased satisfaction
nurses are obligated to address sexual difficulties
Implications of cancer on sexuality ANSW ✔✔ surgical treatments may impact
body image and function
radiation and chemo can cause temporary or permanent infertility
Implications fo MS on sexuality ANSW ✔✔ motor, sensory, and cognitive
changes may occur
sexual difficulties may fall into 3 classifications
primary - caused by CNS damage or hormones
secondary - arise from symptoms (fatigue, pain, bladder dysfunction)
tertiary - concerning attitudes and feelings
Possible interventions surrounding sexuality ANSW ✔✔ sexual assessment -
should be routine with chronic illness
include sexuality in practice - nurses should be comfortable with their own
sexuality and comfort discussing with others
, Desired outcomes of sexuality interventions ANSW ✔✔ engage in open
communication with partner about sexual functioning/desire within a cultural
framework
Describe appropriate interventions for actual or potential changes
identify personal and community resources to assist with changes
What is one of the major reasons people seek healthcare? ANSW ✔✔ Pain
What is pain? ANSW ✔✔ Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with actual or potential tissue damage
How many people over 65 years experience pain? ANSW ✔✔ 1 in 3
What is nociceptive pain? ANSW ✔✔ damage to somatic or visceral tissue
What are nociceptive pain characteristics? (visceral and somatic) ANSW ✔✔
Somatic
- aching, throbbing, localized
- can include bones, joints, muscle, skin, or connective tissue
Visceral
- vague, intermittent, deep ache or pressure
- can be caused by tumours, obstructions, internal organs
What do we use to treat nociceptive pain? ANSW ✔✔ Opioids and nonopioids