BIOL 2420 NEWEST EXAM 2 VERSIONS
COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
GUARANTEED PASS) || A+ GRADED
1. Aerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which utilizes oxygen and can detoxify it.
2. Obligate Aerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which cannot grow without
oxygen.
3. Facultative Anaerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which utilizes oxygen when
present, but can also grow in its absence.
4. Microaerophilic - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which requires only a small amount
of oxygen.
5. Anaerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which does not utilize oxygen.
6. Obligate Anaerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which lacks the enzymes to
detoxify oxygen, so it cannot survive in an oxygen environment.
7. Aerotolerant Anaerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which does not utilize
oxygen, but can survive and grow in its presence.
8. DNA, RNA, and ATP - ANSWER ✓ The primary sources of nitrogen for
heterotrophs are ______, ______, and ______.
9. Carbon Dioxide - ANSWER ✓ All microbes require some ______ in their
metabolism.
10.Capnophile - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which grows best at higher carbon
dioxide concentrations than normally present in the atmosphere.
, 11.6 and 8 - ANSWER ✓ Majority of microorganisms grow at a pH between
______ and ______.
Acidophiles - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which grow at extreme acid pH.
Alkalinophiles - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which grow at extreme alkaline pH.
Halophiles - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which require a high concentration of salt;
have significant modifications in their cell walls and membranes.
Nutrition - ANSWER ✓ Process by which chemical substances are acquired from
the environment and used in cellular activities.
Essential Nutrients - ANSWER ✓ Must be provided to an organism.
Macronutrients - ANSWER ✓ Required in large quantities; play principal roles in
cell structure and metabolism.
Ex: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
Micronutrients - ANSWER ✓ aka "Trace Elements"
Micronutrients - ANSWER ✓ Required in small amounts; involved in enzyme
function and maintenance of protein structure.
Ex: Manganese, zinc, nickel
Organic Nutrients - ANSWER ✓ Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and are
usually the products of living things.
Inorganic Nutrients - ANSWER ✓ Atom or molecule that contains a combination
of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.
Carbon and Hydrogen - ANSWER ✓ Organic nutrients contain ______ and
______.
, Growth Factors - ANSWER ✓ Organic compounds that cannot be synthesized by
an organism because they lack the genetic and metabolic mechanisms to synthesize
them.
70 - ANSWER ✓ Cell contents are ______% water.
Proteins - ANSWER ✓ Most prevalent organic compounds in cells.
96 - ANSWER ✓ ______% of cell is composed of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Atmosphere - ANSWER ✓ The main reservoir of nitrogen is the ______.
Hypotonic - ANSWER ✓ Most microbes exist under slight ______ conditions
(because their rigid cell walls withstand bursting), or isotonic conditions.
Osmotolerant - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which do not require high concentration of
solute such as salt but can tolerate it when it occurs.
Osmotolerant - ANSWER ✓ Salt does not prevent all spoilage agents from
growing on food, because many are ______ or halophilic.
Barophiles - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which can survive under extreme pressure
and will rupture if exposed to normal atmospheric pressure.
(Deep-sea microbes)
Symbiotic - ANSWER ✓ Two organisms live together in a close partnership;
required for survival by at least one member.
Mutualism - ANSWER ✓ Obligatory, dependent; both members benefit.
Commensalism - ANSWER ✓ One member benefits, other member not harmed.
, Parasitism - ANSWER ✓ One member is dependent and benefits; host harmed.
Nonsymbiotic - ANSWER ✓ Relationship not required for survival.
Synergism - ANSWER ✓ Members cooperate to produce a beneficial result that
none of them could do alone.
Antagonism - ANSWER ✓ Actions of one organism affect the success or survival
of others in the same community (competition).
Antibiosis - ANSWER ✓ Producing chemicals that destroy other microbes nearby.
Normal Microbial Flora - ANSWER ✓ Include harmless microbes in mutualistic,
commensal, and synergistic relationships.
Binary Fission - ANSWER ✓ Division of bacterial cells.
Parent cell enlarges, duplicates its chromosome, and forms a central transverse
septum dividing the cell into two daughter cells.
Generation - ANSWER ✓ Time required for a complete fission cycle.
"doubling time"
Exponential Growth - ANSWER ✓ Each new fission cycle increases the
population by a factor of 2.
Lag Phase - ANSWER ✓ "Flat" period of adjustment, enlargement; little growth.
Exponential Growth Phase - ANSWER ✓ A period of maximum growth will
continue as long as cells have adequate nutrients and a favorable environment.
"log phase"
Stationary Phase - ANSWER ✓ Rate of cell growth equals rate of cell death
caused by depleted nutrients and/or O2, excretion of organic acids and pollutants.
Death Phase - ANSWER ✓ As limiting factors intensify, cells die exponentially.
COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
GUARANTEED PASS) || A+ GRADED
1. Aerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which utilizes oxygen and can detoxify it.
2. Obligate Aerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which cannot grow without
oxygen.
3. Facultative Anaerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which utilizes oxygen when
present, but can also grow in its absence.
4. Microaerophilic - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which requires only a small amount
of oxygen.
5. Anaerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which does not utilize oxygen.
6. Obligate Anaerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which lacks the enzymes to
detoxify oxygen, so it cannot survive in an oxygen environment.
7. Aerotolerant Anaerobe - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which does not utilize
oxygen, but can survive and grow in its presence.
8. DNA, RNA, and ATP - ANSWER ✓ The primary sources of nitrogen for
heterotrophs are ______, ______, and ______.
9. Carbon Dioxide - ANSWER ✓ All microbes require some ______ in their
metabolism.
10.Capnophile - ANSWER ✓ Microbe which grows best at higher carbon
dioxide concentrations than normally present in the atmosphere.
, 11.6 and 8 - ANSWER ✓ Majority of microorganisms grow at a pH between
______ and ______.
Acidophiles - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which grow at extreme acid pH.
Alkalinophiles - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which grow at extreme alkaline pH.
Halophiles - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which require a high concentration of salt;
have significant modifications in their cell walls and membranes.
Nutrition - ANSWER ✓ Process by which chemical substances are acquired from
the environment and used in cellular activities.
Essential Nutrients - ANSWER ✓ Must be provided to an organism.
Macronutrients - ANSWER ✓ Required in large quantities; play principal roles in
cell structure and metabolism.
Ex: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
Micronutrients - ANSWER ✓ aka "Trace Elements"
Micronutrients - ANSWER ✓ Required in small amounts; involved in enzyme
function and maintenance of protein structure.
Ex: Manganese, zinc, nickel
Organic Nutrients - ANSWER ✓ Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and are
usually the products of living things.
Inorganic Nutrients - ANSWER ✓ Atom or molecule that contains a combination
of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.
Carbon and Hydrogen - ANSWER ✓ Organic nutrients contain ______ and
______.
, Growth Factors - ANSWER ✓ Organic compounds that cannot be synthesized by
an organism because they lack the genetic and metabolic mechanisms to synthesize
them.
70 - ANSWER ✓ Cell contents are ______% water.
Proteins - ANSWER ✓ Most prevalent organic compounds in cells.
96 - ANSWER ✓ ______% of cell is composed of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Atmosphere - ANSWER ✓ The main reservoir of nitrogen is the ______.
Hypotonic - ANSWER ✓ Most microbes exist under slight ______ conditions
(because their rigid cell walls withstand bursting), or isotonic conditions.
Osmotolerant - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which do not require high concentration of
solute such as salt but can tolerate it when it occurs.
Osmotolerant - ANSWER ✓ Salt does not prevent all spoilage agents from
growing on food, because many are ______ or halophilic.
Barophiles - ANSWER ✓ Microbes which can survive under extreme pressure
and will rupture if exposed to normal atmospheric pressure.
(Deep-sea microbes)
Symbiotic - ANSWER ✓ Two organisms live together in a close partnership;
required for survival by at least one member.
Mutualism - ANSWER ✓ Obligatory, dependent; both members benefit.
Commensalism - ANSWER ✓ One member benefits, other member not harmed.
, Parasitism - ANSWER ✓ One member is dependent and benefits; host harmed.
Nonsymbiotic - ANSWER ✓ Relationship not required for survival.
Synergism - ANSWER ✓ Members cooperate to produce a beneficial result that
none of them could do alone.
Antagonism - ANSWER ✓ Actions of one organism affect the success or survival
of others in the same community (competition).
Antibiosis - ANSWER ✓ Producing chemicals that destroy other microbes nearby.
Normal Microbial Flora - ANSWER ✓ Include harmless microbes in mutualistic,
commensal, and synergistic relationships.
Binary Fission - ANSWER ✓ Division of bacterial cells.
Parent cell enlarges, duplicates its chromosome, and forms a central transverse
septum dividing the cell into two daughter cells.
Generation - ANSWER ✓ Time required for a complete fission cycle.
"doubling time"
Exponential Growth - ANSWER ✓ Each new fission cycle increases the
population by a factor of 2.
Lag Phase - ANSWER ✓ "Flat" period of adjustment, enlargement; little growth.
Exponential Growth Phase - ANSWER ✓ A period of maximum growth will
continue as long as cells have adequate nutrients and a favorable environment.
"log phase"
Stationary Phase - ANSWER ✓ Rate of cell growth equals rate of cell death
caused by depleted nutrients and/or O2, excretion of organic acids and pollutants.
Death Phase - ANSWER ✓ As limiting factors intensify, cells die exponentially.
