BIO 206 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Transcription |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-segments |of |the |DNA |sequence |are |used |as |templates |
for |the |synthesis |of |shorter |molecules |of |the |closely |related |polymer |ribonucleic |acid |or |DNA
Gene |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |segment |of |DNA |sequence |corresponding |to |a |single |
protein |or |set |of |alternative |protein |variants |or |to |a |single |catalytic, |regulatory |or |structural |
RNA |molecule.
Transport |protein |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-determines |which |molecules |enter |the |cell
catalytic |protein |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-determine |the |reactions |that |those |molecules |
undergo
organotrophic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-organisms |that |feed |off |of |other |living |creatures |or |the
|organic |chemicals |they |produce. |They |cannot |exist |without |the |primary |energy |converters |
(phototrophics |and. |lithotrophics)
phototrophic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Organisms |that |get |their |free |energy |from |non-living |
world |and |in |fact |they |harvest |the |energy |of |sunlight. |e.g. |many |types |of |bacteria, |algae, |and |
plants. |The |by-product |of |their |biosynthetic |activities |is |oxygen.
Lithotrophic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(Feeding |on |rock) |mostly |are |found |in |in-obvious |
habitats, |such |as |deep |in |the |ocean, |buried |in |the |earth's |crust, |or |in |various |other |
inhospitable |environments.
What |does |the |tree |of |life |consist |of? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria, |Archaea |and |
Eukaryotes
,intragenic |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |existing |gene |can |be |randomly |modified |by |
changes |in |its |DNA |sequence, |through |various |types |of |error |that |occur |mainly |in |the |process |
of |DNA |replication
gene |duplication |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |existing |gene |can |be |accidentally |duplicated |so |as
|to |create |a |pair |of |initially |identical |genes |within |a |single |cell; |these |two |genes |may |then |
diverge |in |the |course |of |evolution
DNA |segment |shuffling |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-two |or |more |existing |genes |can |break |and |
rejoin |to |make |a |hybrid |gene |consisting |of |DNA |segments |that |originally |belonged |to |separate |
genes
Horizontal |(intracellular) |transfer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |piece |of |DNA |can |be |transferred |
from |the |genome |of |one |cell |to |that |of |another- |even |to |that |of |another |species. |This |process |
is |in |contrast |with |the |usual |vertical |transfer |of |genetic |information |from |parent |to |progeny.
Orthologs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-genes |in |two |separate |species |that |derive |from |the |same |
ancestral |gene |in |the |last |common |ancestor |of |those |two |species
Paralogs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Related |genes |that |have |resulted |from |a |gene |duplication |
event |within |a |single |genome—and |are |likely |to |have |diverged |in |their |function
homologs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-genes |that |are |related |by |descent |in |either |way
Four |types |of |non-covalent |attractions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Electrostatic |attractions |(ionic
|bonds)
- |hydrogen |bonds
- |Van |der |Waals |attractions
- |Hydrophobic |force
, Buffers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Weak |acids |or |bases |that |can |release |or |take |up |protons |near |
pH |7, |keeping |the |environment |of |the |cell |relatively |constant |under |a |variety |of |conditions
organic |molecules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |carbon |compounds |made |by |cells
4 |major |families |of |small |organic |molecules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sugars, |fatty |acids, |amino |
acids, |nucleotides
The |major |inorganic |ions |include |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Na+, |K+, |Mg2+, |Ca2+ |and |Cl-
condensaton |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-addition |of |a |monomer |onto |the |end |of |a |growing |
chain, |in |which |one |molecule |of |water |is |lost |with |each |subunit |added
hydrolysis |reaction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |chemical |reaction |that |breaks |apart |a |larger |
molecule |by |adding |a |molecule |of |water
The |two |types |of |nitrogen-containing |ring |compounds |are: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
pyrimidines |and |purines
Pyrimidines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cytosine, |thymine, |uracil
Purines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Adenine |and |Guanine
Nucleotides |are |made |up |of |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |nitrogen-containing |base, |a |five |carbon
|sugar, |and |one |or |more |phosphate |groups. |Nucleotides |are |the |subunits |of |the |nucleic |acids.
Answers
Transcription |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-segments |of |the |DNA |sequence |are |used |as |templates |
for |the |synthesis |of |shorter |molecules |of |the |closely |related |polymer |ribonucleic |acid |or |DNA
Gene |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |segment |of |DNA |sequence |corresponding |to |a |single |
protein |or |set |of |alternative |protein |variants |or |to |a |single |catalytic, |regulatory |or |structural |
RNA |molecule.
Transport |protein |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-determines |which |molecules |enter |the |cell
catalytic |protein |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-determine |the |reactions |that |those |molecules |
undergo
organotrophic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-organisms |that |feed |off |of |other |living |creatures |or |the
|organic |chemicals |they |produce. |They |cannot |exist |without |the |primary |energy |converters |
(phototrophics |and. |lithotrophics)
phototrophic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Organisms |that |get |their |free |energy |from |non-living |
world |and |in |fact |they |harvest |the |energy |of |sunlight. |e.g. |many |types |of |bacteria, |algae, |and |
plants. |The |by-product |of |their |biosynthetic |activities |is |oxygen.
Lithotrophic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(Feeding |on |rock) |mostly |are |found |in |in-obvious |
habitats, |such |as |deep |in |the |ocean, |buried |in |the |earth's |crust, |or |in |various |other |
inhospitable |environments.
What |does |the |tree |of |life |consist |of? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria, |Archaea |and |
Eukaryotes
,intragenic |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |existing |gene |can |be |randomly |modified |by |
changes |in |its |DNA |sequence, |through |various |types |of |error |that |occur |mainly |in |the |process |
of |DNA |replication
gene |duplication |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |existing |gene |can |be |accidentally |duplicated |so |as
|to |create |a |pair |of |initially |identical |genes |within |a |single |cell; |these |two |genes |may |then |
diverge |in |the |course |of |evolution
DNA |segment |shuffling |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-two |or |more |existing |genes |can |break |and |
rejoin |to |make |a |hybrid |gene |consisting |of |DNA |segments |that |originally |belonged |to |separate |
genes
Horizontal |(intracellular) |transfer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |piece |of |DNA |can |be |transferred |
from |the |genome |of |one |cell |to |that |of |another- |even |to |that |of |another |species. |This |process |
is |in |contrast |with |the |usual |vertical |transfer |of |genetic |information |from |parent |to |progeny.
Orthologs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-genes |in |two |separate |species |that |derive |from |the |same |
ancestral |gene |in |the |last |common |ancestor |of |those |two |species
Paralogs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Related |genes |that |have |resulted |from |a |gene |duplication |
event |within |a |single |genome—and |are |likely |to |have |diverged |in |their |function
homologs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-genes |that |are |related |by |descent |in |either |way
Four |types |of |non-covalent |attractions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Electrostatic |attractions |(ionic
|bonds)
- |hydrogen |bonds
- |Van |der |Waals |attractions
- |Hydrophobic |force
, Buffers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Weak |acids |or |bases |that |can |release |or |take |up |protons |near |
pH |7, |keeping |the |environment |of |the |cell |relatively |constant |under |a |variety |of |conditions
organic |molecules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |carbon |compounds |made |by |cells
4 |major |families |of |small |organic |molecules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sugars, |fatty |acids, |amino |
acids, |nucleotides
The |major |inorganic |ions |include |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Na+, |K+, |Mg2+, |Ca2+ |and |Cl-
condensaton |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-addition |of |a |monomer |onto |the |end |of |a |growing |
chain, |in |which |one |molecule |of |water |is |lost |with |each |subunit |added
hydrolysis |reaction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |chemical |reaction |that |breaks |apart |a |larger |
molecule |by |adding |a |molecule |of |water
The |two |types |of |nitrogen-containing |ring |compounds |are: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
pyrimidines |and |purines
Pyrimidines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cytosine, |thymine, |uracil
Purines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Adenine |and |Guanine
Nucleotides |are |made |up |of |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |nitrogen-containing |base, |a |five |carbon
|sugar, |and |one |or |more |phosphate |groups. |Nucleotides |are |the |subunits |of |the |nucleic |acids.
