WSET Diploma D1
1. Most important N Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis berlandieri and Vitis rupestris
American grape
species
2. Four main sections of a the main shoots, one-year-old wood, permanent wood and the roots
grape vine
3. What comprises the The main shoots and all of their major structures - stem, buds, leaves,
canopy of a vine? lateral shoots, tendrils and inflorescences/grape bunches
4. What do the main The main shoots on the vine grow in spring from buds retained from the
shoots grow from, and previous year
when?
5. Where are carbohy- Stems, trunks, roots
drates stored in a vine?
6. Define lignify Green shoots become woody and rigid, they are then called canes
7. Where do buds form? between the leaf stalk (petiole) and the stem
8. Define the two types of - Compound buds (form in one growing season and break open the
buds following growing season, producing main shoots; typically a primary,
secondary, and maybe tertiary)
- Prompt buds (form and break open same season, form lateral shoots)
9. What is the main func- - to allow the plant to carry on growing if the tip of the main shoot has
tion of lateral shoots? been damaged or eaten
When are they desir- - can provide an additional source of leaves for photosynthesis (useful if
able/undesirable? the laterals are near the ends of the main shoots)
- Growth of laterals nearer the base of the main shoot can be undesirable
as they impede air flow and can shade the fruit too much
10. What is second crop?
, WSET Diploma D1
Lateral shoots often produce inflorescences, which can be known as a
'second crop'
11. What is green harvest- Removal of second crop during summer
ing?
12. Define one-year-old the main shoots from the last growing season that were kept at pruning,
wood supports compound buds; cane or spur
13. Define permanent woody parts of the vine that are older than one year, including the trunk
wood
14. where are most roots top 50cm of soil
found?
15. what distinguishes PN low Y, small grapes, good for high Q red wines
clone 115?
16. what distinguishes PN high Y, bigger grapes, good for sparkling wine production
clone 521?
17. When is leaf fall and Nov-March
dormancy?
18. When is budburst? March-April
19. When is shoot and leaf March-July
growth?
20. When is flowering and May-June
fruit set?
21. When is grape develop- June-Oct
ment?
, WSET Diploma D1
22. When is harvest? Sept-Oct
23. How does the vine sup- starch in the roots, trunk, and branches
port itself during dor-
mancy?
24. Below what temp can -15C, -25C
vines be severly dam-
aged? die?
25. What factors deter- - air temp (>10C)
mine the timing of bud- - soil temp (higher encourages earlier budburst)
burst? - variety
- human factors (e.g. winter pruning late -> later budburst)
26. Why is high continen- marked differences in temp can result in uniform budburst
tality good for bud-
burst?
27. Chard, PN, Merlot, early
Grenache are ______
budding
28. SB, Cab, Syrah are late (need higher temps)
________ budding
29. what determines the rate of shoot growth
vigor of a vine?
30. when does the fastest between budburst and flowering
rate of shoot growth
typically occur?
31.
, WSET Diploma D1
what could cause low - excessive leaf removal
carb levels in roots, - water stress
trunk, and branches? - mildew
- high crop loads in prev season
32. what can slow initial low carb levels
shoot growth rates?
33. what supports shoot photosynthesis
growth in later stages?
34. at what point of the late stages of shoot growth (can affect photosynthesis)
vine growing cycle is
water stress not de-
sired?
35. what can stunted shoot - weak shoots
growth lead to? - reduction in leaf number/smaller leaves
- inflorescences that do not flower properly
36. what can limit bud - low temp (<25C)
fruitfulness? - water stress
- shading
- nutrient deficiency
37. how long after bud- 8 weeks (temp dependent)
burst does flowering
typically take place?
38. why are warm con- speeds up flowering (occurs within a few days)
ditions (>17C) desired
during flowering?
39. 30%
1. Most important N Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis berlandieri and Vitis rupestris
American grape
species
2. Four main sections of a the main shoots, one-year-old wood, permanent wood and the roots
grape vine
3. What comprises the The main shoots and all of their major structures - stem, buds, leaves,
canopy of a vine? lateral shoots, tendrils and inflorescences/grape bunches
4. What do the main The main shoots on the vine grow in spring from buds retained from the
shoots grow from, and previous year
when?
5. Where are carbohy- Stems, trunks, roots
drates stored in a vine?
6. Define lignify Green shoots become woody and rigid, they are then called canes
7. Where do buds form? between the leaf stalk (petiole) and the stem
8. Define the two types of - Compound buds (form in one growing season and break open the
buds following growing season, producing main shoots; typically a primary,
secondary, and maybe tertiary)
- Prompt buds (form and break open same season, form lateral shoots)
9. What is the main func- - to allow the plant to carry on growing if the tip of the main shoot has
tion of lateral shoots? been damaged or eaten
When are they desir- - can provide an additional source of leaves for photosynthesis (useful if
able/undesirable? the laterals are near the ends of the main shoots)
- Growth of laterals nearer the base of the main shoot can be undesirable
as they impede air flow and can shade the fruit too much
10. What is second crop?
, WSET Diploma D1
Lateral shoots often produce inflorescences, which can be known as a
'second crop'
11. What is green harvest- Removal of second crop during summer
ing?
12. Define one-year-old the main shoots from the last growing season that were kept at pruning,
wood supports compound buds; cane or spur
13. Define permanent woody parts of the vine that are older than one year, including the trunk
wood
14. where are most roots top 50cm of soil
found?
15. what distinguishes PN low Y, small grapes, good for high Q red wines
clone 115?
16. what distinguishes PN high Y, bigger grapes, good for sparkling wine production
clone 521?
17. When is leaf fall and Nov-March
dormancy?
18. When is budburst? March-April
19. When is shoot and leaf March-July
growth?
20. When is flowering and May-June
fruit set?
21. When is grape develop- June-Oct
ment?
, WSET Diploma D1
22. When is harvest? Sept-Oct
23. How does the vine sup- starch in the roots, trunk, and branches
port itself during dor-
mancy?
24. Below what temp can -15C, -25C
vines be severly dam-
aged? die?
25. What factors deter- - air temp (>10C)
mine the timing of bud- - soil temp (higher encourages earlier budburst)
burst? - variety
- human factors (e.g. winter pruning late -> later budburst)
26. Why is high continen- marked differences in temp can result in uniform budburst
tality good for bud-
burst?
27. Chard, PN, Merlot, early
Grenache are ______
budding
28. SB, Cab, Syrah are late (need higher temps)
________ budding
29. what determines the rate of shoot growth
vigor of a vine?
30. when does the fastest between budburst and flowering
rate of shoot growth
typically occur?
31.
, WSET Diploma D1
what could cause low - excessive leaf removal
carb levels in roots, - water stress
trunk, and branches? - mildew
- high crop loads in prev season
32. what can slow initial low carb levels
shoot growth rates?
33. what supports shoot photosynthesis
growth in later stages?
34. at what point of the late stages of shoot growth (can affect photosynthesis)
vine growing cycle is
water stress not de-
sired?
35. what can stunted shoot - weak shoots
growth lead to? - reduction in leaf number/smaller leaves
- inflorescences that do not flower properly
36. what can limit bud - low temp (<25C)
fruitfulness? - water stress
- shading
- nutrient deficiency
37. how long after bud- 8 weeks (temp dependent)
burst does flowering
typically take place?
38. why are warm con- speeds up flowering (occurs within a few days)
ditions (>17C) desired
during flowering?
39. 30%
