EDKP 396 - final Exercise Science Evaluation
1.Historic mistreatment of people with disabilities BEFORE the 1900s: -
per- ceived as lazy, crazy, stupid, imbeciles and evil (stainton, 2018;
Jansma & French, 1994)
2.What is infanticide?: Ancient civilizations left infants with disabilities
to die on hillside (this was legal)
3.What did the roman emperors do to individuals with physical disabilities?:
- used for bow and arrow target practice (L'Abate & Curtis, 1975)
- sold as slaves, burned, used as court jesters (Jansma & French, 1994;
Stainton, 2018)
4.Who was the first medical doctor to show compassion for people who
were locked away in asylums?: Pinel
5.When did better treatment start for individuals with disabilities?: 1700s
6.Who unlocked people with mental health problems from their chains?:
Dr. Phillipe Pinel and Dr. Jean Baptiste Pussin
7.How did Dr. Phillipe Pinel and Dr. Jean Baptiste Pussin treat individuals
with disabilities?: life histories were obtained to understand these
human beings from a medical and humanistics perspective
8.When was the International Federation of Adapted Physical Activity
(IFA- PA)?: 1973
9.Who founded IFAPA?: Dr. Clermont Simard and Dr. Denis Drouin
10.What did Friedrich Ludwig Jahn do?: - 1811
- opens Turnplatz and the Turners movement starts (therapeutic
gymnastics)
11.What did Henrik Ling do?: - 1813
- creates medical gymnastics
12.Who created the 4 paradigms of physical activity for people with
disabili- ties?: Polloway et al., 1996
13.What were facilities-based approach: - early part of 20th century
- viewed person from medical model of patient (often neglect, isolation
and lack of dignity)
- people with disabilities were excluded from PE --> corrective therapy
14.When was corrective PE used?: early 20th century
15.What is corrective PE used?: physical activity and exercise as
preventative and therapeutic to alleviate physical disorders and
illnesses
16.What did Dudley Sargent do?: 1908
- advocates for corrective PE for remedial activities and exercises
17.What did R. Tait McKenzie do?: 1909
- PE book about people with sensory impairments and intellectual
, EDKP 396 - final Exercise Science Evaluation
disabilities
- "Reclaiming the Maimed" - benefits of exercise and sport activities for
persons with a disability and advice from professionals
, EDKP 396 - final Exercise Science Evaluation
18.Who created the first PE program in Canada at McGill University?:
Ethel Mary Cartwright
19.Who questioned Lord Starthcona's trust and the militaristic edge to PE
programming?: Ethel Mary Cartwright
20.What happened between 1930's-1940's: - municipal recreation
programs be- come important for society during financial challenges
- foci of PA for people with disabilities starts to grow with
A) mainly the medical model/ medical gymnastics
B) sport
21.What is a service-based approach?: - 1950s
- individuals defined largely by the label of the person's disability -->
special pro- grams and services were provided
- adapted physical education became common
22.What happened in the 1950s-1960s: - first APE textboook
- first paralympic summer games
23.What did julian stein do?: development of programs and services for
services for persons with disability in US and Canada
24.Who initiated APA research?: Dr. Janet Wessel (Michigan State
Uni) Dr. Patricia Austin (U of A)
25.Who regoginzed the low physical fitness levels of people with
intellectual disability?: Dr. Frank Hayden
26.What happened in 1968: first special olympics competition held at
Soldiers Field in chicago
27.What also happened in 1968: first national games for athletes with
disabilities in Canada (wheelchair Sports Association)
28.What is the principle of Normalization?:
29.What is the PL-93-112, Section 504, rehabilitation act 1973: - offered
civil rights protection to individuals with disabilities
- prohibited discrimination on the basis of disability
- mandated that PA must be provided to individuals with disabilities
30.What is the PL 94-142 Education of All Handicapped Children Act of
1975: -Ensured the right of individuals with disabilities to a free and
public education
-Enshrined the right to participate in physical education classes
-Extended later to include the Least Restrictive Environment and
Individualized Educational Programs (IEP)
31.What is the PL-95-606 Amateur Sports Act of 1978: mandated that
Olympic and amateur sport include athletes with disabilities and to
recognize the international Paralympic movement.
, EDKP 396 - final Exercise Science Evaluation
32.What was the Supports-based approach: - 1980s
• problems reside in person-environment interaction, not solely in the
person, there- fore supports should allow person to function in the
environment
• Adapted physical activity becomes the common term, sport and
lifespan become prominent, APA becomes defined by change or
adaptation rather than disability, move toward inclusion
33.Who prompted supports-based approch?: Prompted by Sherrill and
others (late 1970's) ... led to a definition that emphasized individual
differences and not the disability.
Prompted society to look at the environment... eg: Duncan Wyeth - Brail
on elevators / flashing lights on fire alarms / ramps to allow access, etc.
34.When was the international year of disabled persons (United Nations): -
1981
35.what is Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly: the major journal of
peer-re- viewed research in adapted physical activity
36.What did Greg Reid do?:
37.What did Jasper Talks lead to?: the Blueprint for Action and the
Fitness Canada National Committee on physical activity for Canadians
with a disability to increase physical activity opportunities
38.Who was Dr. Robert Steadward?: - 1989
- was elected the first president of the International Paralympic
Committee
39.What were empowerment and self-determination approaches?: - major
life decisions become responsibility of individual, not experts with focus
on choice, decision making, and self-regulated learning
- Self-determined physical activity as our ultimate goal for all citizens,
including those who may be labeled with a disability
- Ever changing with people with disabilities starting to demand social
justice and related changes!!!
--> In it's ideal form, this approach may work best for all people
40.When was the Active Living Alliance for Canadians with a Disability
was created?: 1990s
41.Corrective therapy: no definition, education was dominated by
medical profes- sionals
42.Adapted physical education: a diversified program developmental
activities
43.Adapted physical activity: cross disciplinary body of knowledge...
solution of psychomotor problems throughout the lifespan" (Sherrill,
1.Historic mistreatment of people with disabilities BEFORE the 1900s: -
per- ceived as lazy, crazy, stupid, imbeciles and evil (stainton, 2018;
Jansma & French, 1994)
2.What is infanticide?: Ancient civilizations left infants with disabilities
to die on hillside (this was legal)
3.What did the roman emperors do to individuals with physical disabilities?:
- used for bow and arrow target practice (L'Abate & Curtis, 1975)
- sold as slaves, burned, used as court jesters (Jansma & French, 1994;
Stainton, 2018)
4.Who was the first medical doctor to show compassion for people who
were locked away in asylums?: Pinel
5.When did better treatment start for individuals with disabilities?: 1700s
6.Who unlocked people with mental health problems from their chains?:
Dr. Phillipe Pinel and Dr. Jean Baptiste Pussin
7.How did Dr. Phillipe Pinel and Dr. Jean Baptiste Pussin treat individuals
with disabilities?: life histories were obtained to understand these
human beings from a medical and humanistics perspective
8.When was the International Federation of Adapted Physical Activity
(IFA- PA)?: 1973
9.Who founded IFAPA?: Dr. Clermont Simard and Dr. Denis Drouin
10.What did Friedrich Ludwig Jahn do?: - 1811
- opens Turnplatz and the Turners movement starts (therapeutic
gymnastics)
11.What did Henrik Ling do?: - 1813
- creates medical gymnastics
12.Who created the 4 paradigms of physical activity for people with
disabili- ties?: Polloway et al., 1996
13.What were facilities-based approach: - early part of 20th century
- viewed person from medical model of patient (often neglect, isolation
and lack of dignity)
- people with disabilities were excluded from PE --> corrective therapy
14.When was corrective PE used?: early 20th century
15.What is corrective PE used?: physical activity and exercise as
preventative and therapeutic to alleviate physical disorders and
illnesses
16.What did Dudley Sargent do?: 1908
- advocates for corrective PE for remedial activities and exercises
17.What did R. Tait McKenzie do?: 1909
- PE book about people with sensory impairments and intellectual
, EDKP 396 - final Exercise Science Evaluation
disabilities
- "Reclaiming the Maimed" - benefits of exercise and sport activities for
persons with a disability and advice from professionals
, EDKP 396 - final Exercise Science Evaluation
18.Who created the first PE program in Canada at McGill University?:
Ethel Mary Cartwright
19.Who questioned Lord Starthcona's trust and the militaristic edge to PE
programming?: Ethel Mary Cartwright
20.What happened between 1930's-1940's: - municipal recreation
programs be- come important for society during financial challenges
- foci of PA for people with disabilities starts to grow with
A) mainly the medical model/ medical gymnastics
B) sport
21.What is a service-based approach?: - 1950s
- individuals defined largely by the label of the person's disability -->
special pro- grams and services were provided
- adapted physical education became common
22.What happened in the 1950s-1960s: - first APE textboook
- first paralympic summer games
23.What did julian stein do?: development of programs and services for
services for persons with disability in US and Canada
24.Who initiated APA research?: Dr. Janet Wessel (Michigan State
Uni) Dr. Patricia Austin (U of A)
25.Who regoginzed the low physical fitness levels of people with
intellectual disability?: Dr. Frank Hayden
26.What happened in 1968: first special olympics competition held at
Soldiers Field in chicago
27.What also happened in 1968: first national games for athletes with
disabilities in Canada (wheelchair Sports Association)
28.What is the principle of Normalization?:
29.What is the PL-93-112, Section 504, rehabilitation act 1973: - offered
civil rights protection to individuals with disabilities
- prohibited discrimination on the basis of disability
- mandated that PA must be provided to individuals with disabilities
30.What is the PL 94-142 Education of All Handicapped Children Act of
1975: -Ensured the right of individuals with disabilities to a free and
public education
-Enshrined the right to participate in physical education classes
-Extended later to include the Least Restrictive Environment and
Individualized Educational Programs (IEP)
31.What is the PL-95-606 Amateur Sports Act of 1978: mandated that
Olympic and amateur sport include athletes with disabilities and to
recognize the international Paralympic movement.
, EDKP 396 - final Exercise Science Evaluation
32.What was the Supports-based approach: - 1980s
• problems reside in person-environment interaction, not solely in the
person, there- fore supports should allow person to function in the
environment
• Adapted physical activity becomes the common term, sport and
lifespan become prominent, APA becomes defined by change or
adaptation rather than disability, move toward inclusion
33.Who prompted supports-based approch?: Prompted by Sherrill and
others (late 1970's) ... led to a definition that emphasized individual
differences and not the disability.
Prompted society to look at the environment... eg: Duncan Wyeth - Brail
on elevators / flashing lights on fire alarms / ramps to allow access, etc.
34.When was the international year of disabled persons (United Nations): -
1981
35.what is Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly: the major journal of
peer-re- viewed research in adapted physical activity
36.What did Greg Reid do?:
37.What did Jasper Talks lead to?: the Blueprint for Action and the
Fitness Canada National Committee on physical activity for Canadians
with a disability to increase physical activity opportunities
38.Who was Dr. Robert Steadward?: - 1989
- was elected the first president of the International Paralympic
Committee
39.What were empowerment and self-determination approaches?: - major
life decisions become responsibility of individual, not experts with focus
on choice, decision making, and self-regulated learning
- Self-determined physical activity as our ultimate goal for all citizens,
including those who may be labeled with a disability
- Ever changing with people with disabilities starting to demand social
justice and related changes!!!
--> In it's ideal form, this approach may work best for all people
40.When was the Active Living Alliance for Canadians with a Disability
was created?: 1990s
41.Corrective therapy: no definition, education was dominated by
medical profes- sionals
42.Adapted physical education: a diversified program developmental
activities
43.Adapted physical activity: cross disciplinary body of knowledge...
solution of psychomotor problems throughout the lifespan" (Sherrill,
