Portage Learning A&P 2: Final EXAM
2025 Questions and Answers
Collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system: - --ANSWER--
Ganglia
Fill-in-the-blanks: _______ matter is composed of a mixture of the cell bodies of
neurons. _______ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers - --ANSWER--gray, white
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system? - --ANSWER--arterioles
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The kidney and nervous
system communicate via the myenteric plexus, whose fibers follow the renal
arteries to reach each kidney. - --ANSWER--This statement is false. The kidney
and nervous system communicate via the renal plexus.
List the 3 inner regions of the kidney seen on cross-section (deepest to most
superficial). In which section would you find the glomerular capsule and the distal
and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephron? - --ANSWER--The three
inner regions of the kidneys include the renal pelvis, renal medulla, and the renal
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,cortex. The cortex houses the glomerular capsules, the distal convoluted tubule,
and the proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary incontinence and urinary retention are two common types of micturition
dysfunction. Briefly discuss each, including what demographic is commonly
affected in each. - --ANSWER--Incontinence is the inability to control micturition
voluntarily. It is a condition typically seen in infants and the elderly with diagnoses
such as end-stage dementia. Incontinence can also occur due to emotional trauma,
pregnancy, or nervous system injuries, such as a stroke or spinal cord injury.
Urinary retention is the inability to expel stored urine. This is a common condition
after general anesthesia since the detrusor muscle is slow to regain muscular
activity. Male urinary retention can also occur due to the overgrowth of the
prostate gland, which narrows the urethra, making micturition difficult. Insertion
of a catheter into the urethra is necessary to allow the urine to empty from the
bladder.
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same
neuron. - --ANSWER--False (only one direction in the same neuron)
Fill in the blanks: The _____________ root contains the axons of sensory
neurons, while the _____________ root contains the axons of motor neurons. - --
ANSWER--dorsal, ventral
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,This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - --ANSWER--
Nerve
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present.
- --ANSWER--The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the
"fight or flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady,
increased supply of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS
accelerates the heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate.
This supplies the increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also
causes the liver to deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs.
Sympathetic activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an
immediate necessity when in danger or under attack.
Which cell serves as stem cells in the gustatory system that divide and differentiate
into new supporting cells then form new gustatory cells. - --ANSWER--Basal Cells
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - --ANSWER--
parasympathetic
describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system - --ANSWER--
Promotes all of the relaxing internal responses. Causes the pupil of the eye to get
smaller, aids the lenses of the eyes to focus on close items, helps with the digestion
of food, and also helps with slowing the heart beat.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons - --ANSWER--motor
(efferent)
Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulse away from cell body - --ANSWER--
Axon
A neuron going to bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&CF. B&D - --ANSWER--F. B&D
T/F: Neurons come into direct physical contact w/ one another. - --ANSWER--
False: don't physically touch.
Describe function and release of neurotransmitters - --ANSWER--
Neurotransmitters are chemicals stored inside secretory vesicles (axon terminal
vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals.
When neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the
transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
2025 Questions and Answers
Collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system: - --ANSWER--
Ganglia
Fill-in-the-blanks: _______ matter is composed of a mixture of the cell bodies of
neurons. _______ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers - --ANSWER--gray, white
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system? - --ANSWER--arterioles
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The kidney and nervous
system communicate via the myenteric plexus, whose fibers follow the renal
arteries to reach each kidney. - --ANSWER--This statement is false. The kidney
and nervous system communicate via the renal plexus.
List the 3 inner regions of the kidney seen on cross-section (deepest to most
superficial). In which section would you find the glomerular capsule and the distal
and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephron? - --ANSWER--The three
inner regions of the kidneys include the renal pelvis, renal medulla, and the renal
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,cortex. The cortex houses the glomerular capsules, the distal convoluted tubule,
and the proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary incontinence and urinary retention are two common types of micturition
dysfunction. Briefly discuss each, including what demographic is commonly
affected in each. - --ANSWER--Incontinence is the inability to control micturition
voluntarily. It is a condition typically seen in infants and the elderly with diagnoses
such as end-stage dementia. Incontinence can also occur due to emotional trauma,
pregnancy, or nervous system injuries, such as a stroke or spinal cord injury.
Urinary retention is the inability to expel stored urine. This is a common condition
after general anesthesia since the detrusor muscle is slow to regain muscular
activity. Male urinary retention can also occur due to the overgrowth of the
prostate gland, which narrows the urethra, making micturition difficult. Insertion
of a catheter into the urethra is necessary to allow the urine to empty from the
bladder.
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same
neuron. - --ANSWER--False (only one direction in the same neuron)
Fill in the blanks: The _____________ root contains the axons of sensory
neurons, while the _____________ root contains the axons of motor neurons. - --
ANSWER--dorsal, ventral
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
,This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - --ANSWER--
Nerve
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present.
- --ANSWER--The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the
"fight or flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady,
increased supply of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS
accelerates the heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate.
This supplies the increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also
causes the liver to deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs.
Sympathetic activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an
immediate necessity when in danger or under attack.
Which cell serves as stem cells in the gustatory system that divide and differentiate
into new supporting cells then form new gustatory cells. - --ANSWER--Basal Cells
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - --ANSWER--
parasympathetic
describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system - --ANSWER--
Promotes all of the relaxing internal responses. Causes the pupil of the eye to get
smaller, aids the lenses of the eyes to focus on close items, helps with the digestion
of food, and also helps with slowing the heart beat.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons - --ANSWER--motor
(efferent)
Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulse away from cell body - --ANSWER--
Axon
A neuron going to bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&CF. B&D - --ANSWER--F. B&D
T/F: Neurons come into direct physical contact w/ one another. - --ANSWER--
False: don't physically touch.
Describe function and release of neurotransmitters - --ANSWER--
Neurotransmitters are chemicals stored inside secretory vesicles (axon terminal
vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals.
When neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the
transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
