NSG 3600 Exam 2 Pediatric Nursing Galen College o
Nursing questions and answers (2025-2026 update)
Congestive Heart Failure Etiology - ✔✔ANS Inability of the heart to perform is function of moving bloo
forward. Caused by CHD, dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, Kawasaki's.
Congestive Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms for Baby - ✔✔ANS Poor feed, poor growth, irritability
shortness of air, exercise intolerance, peripheral edema (puffy legs and feet). The child uses a lot of energy i
feeding so they can get tired which causes poor feeding.
Congestive Heart Failure Treatment/Interventions - ✔✔ANS Monitor Vital signs, keep the child comfortable
oxygenation when needed. Give medications (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme -ACE- Inhibitor (Captopri
Vasodilation, Cardiac Glycoside (Digoxin), Loop Diuretic (Furosemide)).
What is important information to know about Digoxin? - ✔✔ANS Makes the heart pump harder so we need t
make sure we DO NOT give this medication if their heart rate is less than 90 in infant OR 70 in child. Toxicit
of this drug can cause bradycardia and NV.
What is important information we need to know about Furosemide when it comes to Congestive Heart Failure
- ✔✔ANS We need to watch the potassium levels when it comes to this drug. If the levels begin to decreas
the digoxin levels will increase causing toxicity.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - ✔✔ANS Simple defect of the atria results when the two septae fail to overla
properly. Will occur in the second intercostal space and is on the LEFT side. Sound will either be blowing o
very harsh. These kids will be surgery due to their defect not closing on its own.
,Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - ✔✔ANS MOST COMMON! Defect of the ventricles when the two septae fa
to overlap properly. Is in the lower intercostal space. You can feel it with your hand. The spleen and liver wi
be enlarged due to extra blood flow. The sound will be very harsh sounding.
Treatment for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - ✔✔ANS Watch for spontaneou
closure, surgical repair, monitor vitals signs, watch for bleeding tamponade or migration of the device (ches
pain, sudden decrease in BP, palpation) Watch oxygenation and do congestive heart failure management.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - ✔✔ANS In utero, the shunt serves the purpose to bypass the lungs. Th
ducts starts to close usually within 48 hours but can take as long as 1 year. If the whole is too large we woul
need to patch it. This causes blood to go into the lungs that is not oxygenated.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔ANS Harsh murmur-Left subconfiural margi
sound machine like and depends on the side of the defect. The smaller it is the louder it is. Systolic is highe
and the Diastolic gets lower. Frequent colds, susceptible to RSV, poor feeding/poor growth pattern.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Therapeutic Management - ✔✔ANS Medical care is usually closure b
surgery or a transcatheter device. Postop measures are wound care, monitoring vital signs
hydration/nutrition.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANS Malformation of the pulmonary artery or pulmonic valve
Increase workload on right ventricle.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔ANS These kids could have their valve replace. If any o
these kids have oxygen issues while on wall oxygen there are more issues and other problems.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Therapeutic Management - ✔✔ANS Reducing stressful situations that may cause hig
blood pressure. Angioplasty or valvulopasty.
Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANS Malformation and narrowing in the aorta or around the aorti
valve. Kids can pass out from overexertion and can cause heart failure.
, Coarctation of the Aorta: Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANS A narrowing or constriction of the descending aort
distal to the carotid arteries. Decrease blood pressure and decrease pulses in lower part of the lower body
Which makes the upper body have bounding and high pressure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔ANS Murmur, Signs of Congestive Heart Failure, pai
in the legs or cyanotic lower extremities, increase pressure to head and upper extremities, decrease pressur
to lower extremities (cold and hard to perfused)
Coarctation of the Aorta: Therapeutic Management - ✔✔ANS Surgery-Nursing care consist of post o
management.
Cardiac Cath- angioplasty and valvuloplasty.
Captopril (Capoten) or enalapril (Vasotec). Can also give Digoxin and Lasix.
Tricuspid Atresia: Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANS Caused by an error in the formation if the tricuspid valve. As
single defect this condition is incompatible with life. Most children born with TA also have ASD or VSD. Th
deoxygenated blood must reach the pulmonary bed to sustain life. SINGLE DEFECT where the deoxygenate
blood never reaches the lungs which means its impossible for these kids to survive.
When is a tricuspid atresia found? - ✔✔ANS It is found in prenatal visit at 20 weeks (child will have surger
right after birth) If not found or caught the baby will turn blue and the baby will need surgery right away to se
where the issue is.
Tricuspid Atresia: Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔ANS Cyanosis-a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from
poor circulation
Tachycardia-a rapid heartbeat
Dyspnea-difficult or labored breathing.
Tricuspid Atresia: Therapeutic Management - ✔✔ANS Emergency Surgery with Glenn and Fonta
procedures. If there is no ASD or VSD, keep the PDA open by medications.
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return - ✔✔ANS Pulmonary blood flow returns to the heart through th
right atrium rather than the left. No communication between pulmonary vessels and left side of the heart. Righ
side hypertrophies. Blood that does not have oxygen mixes with blood that is and it goes out into the body.
Nursing questions and answers (2025-2026 update)
Congestive Heart Failure Etiology - ✔✔ANS Inability of the heart to perform is function of moving bloo
forward. Caused by CHD, dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, Kawasaki's.
Congestive Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms for Baby - ✔✔ANS Poor feed, poor growth, irritability
shortness of air, exercise intolerance, peripheral edema (puffy legs and feet). The child uses a lot of energy i
feeding so they can get tired which causes poor feeding.
Congestive Heart Failure Treatment/Interventions - ✔✔ANS Monitor Vital signs, keep the child comfortable
oxygenation when needed. Give medications (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme -ACE- Inhibitor (Captopri
Vasodilation, Cardiac Glycoside (Digoxin), Loop Diuretic (Furosemide)).
What is important information to know about Digoxin? - ✔✔ANS Makes the heart pump harder so we need t
make sure we DO NOT give this medication if their heart rate is less than 90 in infant OR 70 in child. Toxicit
of this drug can cause bradycardia and NV.
What is important information we need to know about Furosemide when it comes to Congestive Heart Failure
- ✔✔ANS We need to watch the potassium levels when it comes to this drug. If the levels begin to decreas
the digoxin levels will increase causing toxicity.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - ✔✔ANS Simple defect of the atria results when the two septae fail to overla
properly. Will occur in the second intercostal space and is on the LEFT side. Sound will either be blowing o
very harsh. These kids will be surgery due to their defect not closing on its own.
,Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - ✔✔ANS MOST COMMON! Defect of the ventricles when the two septae fa
to overlap properly. Is in the lower intercostal space. You can feel it with your hand. The spleen and liver wi
be enlarged due to extra blood flow. The sound will be very harsh sounding.
Treatment for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - ✔✔ANS Watch for spontaneou
closure, surgical repair, monitor vitals signs, watch for bleeding tamponade or migration of the device (ches
pain, sudden decrease in BP, palpation) Watch oxygenation and do congestive heart failure management.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - ✔✔ANS In utero, the shunt serves the purpose to bypass the lungs. Th
ducts starts to close usually within 48 hours but can take as long as 1 year. If the whole is too large we woul
need to patch it. This causes blood to go into the lungs that is not oxygenated.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔ANS Harsh murmur-Left subconfiural margi
sound machine like and depends on the side of the defect. The smaller it is the louder it is. Systolic is highe
and the Diastolic gets lower. Frequent colds, susceptible to RSV, poor feeding/poor growth pattern.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Therapeutic Management - ✔✔ANS Medical care is usually closure b
surgery or a transcatheter device. Postop measures are wound care, monitoring vital signs
hydration/nutrition.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANS Malformation of the pulmonary artery or pulmonic valve
Increase workload on right ventricle.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔ANS These kids could have their valve replace. If any o
these kids have oxygen issues while on wall oxygen there are more issues and other problems.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Therapeutic Management - ✔✔ANS Reducing stressful situations that may cause hig
blood pressure. Angioplasty or valvulopasty.
Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANS Malformation and narrowing in the aorta or around the aorti
valve. Kids can pass out from overexertion and can cause heart failure.
, Coarctation of the Aorta: Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANS A narrowing or constriction of the descending aort
distal to the carotid arteries. Decrease blood pressure and decrease pulses in lower part of the lower body
Which makes the upper body have bounding and high pressure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔ANS Murmur, Signs of Congestive Heart Failure, pai
in the legs or cyanotic lower extremities, increase pressure to head and upper extremities, decrease pressur
to lower extremities (cold and hard to perfused)
Coarctation of the Aorta: Therapeutic Management - ✔✔ANS Surgery-Nursing care consist of post o
management.
Cardiac Cath- angioplasty and valvuloplasty.
Captopril (Capoten) or enalapril (Vasotec). Can also give Digoxin and Lasix.
Tricuspid Atresia: Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANS Caused by an error in the formation if the tricuspid valve. As
single defect this condition is incompatible with life. Most children born with TA also have ASD or VSD. Th
deoxygenated blood must reach the pulmonary bed to sustain life. SINGLE DEFECT where the deoxygenate
blood never reaches the lungs which means its impossible for these kids to survive.
When is a tricuspid atresia found? - ✔✔ANS It is found in prenatal visit at 20 weeks (child will have surger
right after birth) If not found or caught the baby will turn blue and the baby will need surgery right away to se
where the issue is.
Tricuspid Atresia: Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔ANS Cyanosis-a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from
poor circulation
Tachycardia-a rapid heartbeat
Dyspnea-difficult or labored breathing.
Tricuspid Atresia: Therapeutic Management - ✔✔ANS Emergency Surgery with Glenn and Fonta
procedures. If there is no ASD or VSD, keep the PDA open by medications.
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return - ✔✔ANS Pulmonary blood flow returns to the heart through th
right atrium rather than the left. No communication between pulmonary vessels and left side of the heart. Righ
side hypertrophies. Blood that does not have oxygen mixes with blood that is and it goes out into the body.
