TEST BANK x
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
x x x x x x x
Benjamin A. Pierce
x x
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENT
x x
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 3
x x x x
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction .......................................................................................... 15
x x x x x
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ............................................................................................................... 32
x x x x x
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................. 59
x x x x x x x
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping .................................................................. 98
x x x x x x x
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation..................................................................................................................... 115
x x x
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ................................................................................................ 139
x x x x x x
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ........................................................................................... 152
x x x x x x x x
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination .............................................................................................. 181
x x x x x
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ............................................................ 198
x x x x x x x x x
Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation.................................................................................................. 224
x x x x x x
Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression.............................................................................................................. 244
x x x x x
Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ............................................................ 278
x x x x x x x x
Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology............................................................................... 298
x x x x x x
Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ................................................................................................................ 314
x x x x
Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................ 332
x x x
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
x x x
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................. 366
x x x x x
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
x x x x
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
x x x x x x x x x x x
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
INCORRECT?
x
a. evolution—population genetics x
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
x x
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
x x x
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics x x x x x
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission geneticsx x x x x
ANSWER: e x
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles x x x x
b. mechanism of DNA replication x x x
c. gene expression patterns
x x
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids x x x x
ANSWER: a x
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
x x x x x x x x x x x
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
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, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d x
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
x x x x x x x x x
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
x x x x x
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x Species.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
x x x x x x x x
ANSWER: d x
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
x x x x x x x x x
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately
x x x x x x x x x x x x
x 10,000 and 12,000 years ago. x x x x
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
x x x x x x x x
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ANSWER: d x
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
x x x x x x x x x x
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
x x x
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
x x x x
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
x x x
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
x x x
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
x x x
ANSWER: c
x x
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
inheritance?
x
a. fruit flies x
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b x
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
x x x x x x
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
www.PlusBay.Plus
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
x x x x x x x
Benjamin A. Pierce
x x
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENT
x x
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 3
x x x x
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction .......................................................................................... 15
x x x x x
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ............................................................................................................... 32
x x x x x
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................. 59
x x x x x x x
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping .................................................................. 98
x x x x x x x
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation..................................................................................................................... 115
x x x
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ................................................................................................ 139
x x x x x x
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ........................................................................................... 152
x x x x x x x x
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination .............................................................................................. 181
x x x x x
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ............................................................ 198
x x x x x x x x x
Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation.................................................................................................. 224
x x x x x x
Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression.............................................................................................................. 244
x x x x x
Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ............................................................ 278
x x x x x x x x
Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology............................................................................... 298
x x x x x x
Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ................................................................................................................ 314
x x x x
Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................ 332
x x x
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
x x x
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................. 366
x x x x x
www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
x x x x
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
x x x x x x x x x x x
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
INCORRECT?
x
a. evolution—population genetics x
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
x x
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
x x x
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics x x x x x
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission geneticsx x x x x
ANSWER: e x
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles x x x x
b. mechanism of DNA replication x x x
c. gene expression patterns
x x
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids x x x x
ANSWER: a x
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
x x x x x x x x x x x
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d x
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
x x x x x x x x x
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
x x x x x
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x Species.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
x x x x x x x x
ANSWER: d x
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
x x x x x x x x x
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately
x x x x x x x x x x x x
x 10,000 and 12,000 years ago. x x x x
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
x x x x x x x x
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ANSWER: d x
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
x x x x x x x x x x
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
x x x
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
x x x x
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
x x x
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
x x x
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
x x x
ANSWER: c
x x
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
inheritance?
x
a. fruit flies x
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b x
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
x x x x x x
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
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