BOT3015 Test 2 Review (UCF) Questions And Answers Guaranteed Pass Graded A+.

What do leaves originate as? - correct answer Leaf primordia Leaves function as what for the plant? - correct answer Solar panels What is the leaf blade? - correct answer The broad portion of a leaf that is distinct from the petiole; the photosynthetic part of the leaf What is the leaf lamina? - correct answer This is another term for the leaf blade What is a stipule? - correct answer One of a pair of lateral appendages, often leaf like, at the base of a leaf petiole in many plants What is phyllotaxy? - correct answer Arrangement of leaves on a stem Explain the difference between alternate, opposite, and whorled - correct answer Alternate = a single leaf at each node Opposite = a pair of leaves at each node Whorled = 3 or more leaves around the stem at each node Explain the difference between simple and compound leaves - correct answer A simple leaf blade is undivided, whereas the blade of a compound leaf is divided into several leaflets. Both simple and compound leaves have a bud at their base What is a pinnate leaf? - correct answer A leaf where leaflets are attached directly to the central stalk What is a palmate leaf? - correct answer A leaf with leaflets that radiate from the end of the central stalk What is a trifoliate leaf? - correct answer A leaf with three leaflets attached to a common stalk What is the difference between monocot and dicot leaves? - correct answer Monocots: - Usually do not have mesophyll differentiated into palisade and spongy layers - NO palisade mesophyll - primary veins/parallel venation - Leaves sessile if lacking petioles Dicots: - Primary veins divergent in various ways = netted or reticulate venation Do upper and lower epidermis have chloroplasts? - correct answer No What is chlorenchyma? - correct answer Modification of Parenchyma that is full of chloroplasts What are vascular bundles? - correct answer A strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside No vascular cambium - correct answer Monocot and dicot leaves C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types: - correct answer These are the bundle sheath cells that surround the vascular centers, and mesophyll cells that, in turn, surround the bundle sheath cells The guard cells contains chloroplasts; what does this mean? - correct answer They can manufacture food by photosynthesis and they are the only epidermal cells that can make sugar What kind of adaptations do leaves of arid regions have? - correct answer Ones that prevent water loss What are bulliform cells? What do they do? - correct answer Large, bubble-shaped epidermal cell that occurs in groups of several monocots on the upper surface of the leaves. When water is abundant, water and bulge are absorbed and shrink when less water is present, curling the leaf which helps to reduce water loss due to evaporation What are tendrils? - correct answer Formed in the upper section of shoots (flowers formed in the lower section) to search out trellis/support structures. What are thorns? - correct answer Modified stems arising in the axils of leaves of woody plants What are prickles? - correct answer modified epidermis Which modified stem has no vascular tissue? - correct answer Prickles What are reproductive leaves? - correct answer Walking fern has new plants at leaf tips, air plant has tiny plantlets along leaf margins What are storage leaves? - correct answer Succulent leaves that are modified for water storage What are insect-trapping leaves? - correct answer Leaves that are modified in ways that allow them to capture and consume animals or insects What is the abscission layer? - correct answer Protective layer (to prevent water loss) What is the human and ecological relevance of leaves? - correct answer Medicine, beverage, insect repellants, and drugs What is the calyx? - correct answer All of the sepals of a flower What is the corolla? - correct answer All the petals of a flower What is the androecium? - correct answer Stamens of a flower, collectively What is the gynoecium? - correct answer The female part of the flower, consisting of one or more carpels What are the whorls of the flower and their components, from outermost to innermost? - correct answer Whorl 1: sepals Whorl 2: petals Whorl 3: stamens Whorl 4: pistil What is the difference between a complete and an incomplete flower? - correct answer Complete flowers contain sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens, while incomplete flowers lack at least one of the four components What is a superior ovary? - correct answer calyx and corolla attached to receptacle at base of ovary What is an inferior ovary? - correct answer Calyx and corolla attached at top of ovary What is a peduncle? - correct answer Flower stalk What is a pedicel? - correct answer This is the small stem that connects the flower the main stem of the plant. What are the parts of a fruit? - correct answer The seed, made up of the endosperm, embyro, and seed coat, and the pericarp, made up of the endocarp, mesocarp, and exocarp What is the difference in fleshy and dry fruits? - correct answer Fleshy fruits (berries, drupes, pomes) consist largely of soft succulent tissue, whereas dry fruits (capsules, achenes) What is a berry? - correct answer From compound ovary, with more than one seed, and with fleshy pericarp What is a pepo? - correct answer Fruits with relatively thick rinds What is a pome? - correct answer Flesh comes from enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up around ovary What is a hesperidium? - correct answer Modified berry with a leathery exocarp (rind) possessing oil glands What is a drupe? - correct answer Simple fleshy fruit with single seed enclosed by hard, stony, endocarp (pit) What is an aggregate fruit? - correct answer Many ovaries of one flower ex) raspberry, blackberry What is a multiple fruit? - correct answer many pistils maturing among many clustered flowers What are the dry fruits? - correct answer Capsule, follicle, legume, silique, grain, achene, nut, samara, schizocarp How does a seed develop? - correct answer as an embryo, the seed soaks up water and begins to feed on the nutritive tissue surrounding it. as it absorbs more water, it grows and grows and develops into a plant. What is dormancy in plants? - correct answer A period of arrested plant growth that is typically a survival strategy exhibited by many plant species What is scarification? - correct answer Weakening, opening, or otherwise altering the coat of a seed to encourage germination. This is often done mechanically, thermally, and chemically What is imbibition? - correct answer The absorption of one substance by another, in particular the uptake of water by a plant or seed What is germination? - correct answer The process by which a plant grows from a seed Where do light-dependent reactions occur during photosynthesis? - correct answer These reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts What are thylakoids? - correct answer Saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts What are the granum/grana? - correct answer Stack of thylakoids