NURS 640 Final Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
BPH treatment - AnswersAlpha Blockade:
Tamsulosin (FLomax)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Prazosin (Minipress)
Most common urologic emergency - AnswersAcute urinary retention
Urinary retention volume - Answers> 300 cc ; Overflow incontinence when chronic
When to leave urinary catheter in or str8 catheter - Answers> 400 cc
Gender acute cystitis occurs in the most - AnswersWomen
Acute cystitis risk factors - AnswersFemale gender
sexually active women
DM in women (UTI risk increase 2-3x)
incontinent women
Acute cystitis infective organism - AnswersEnteric gram negative rods: E. Coli is the most
common
Uncomplicated Cystitis treatment - AnswersCan resolve on own.
if pharm needed: Empiric Antibiotics 1st line: Cephalexin-Nitrofurantin or Trimethoprim-
Sulfamethoxazole
If Acute cystitis and have sulfa allergy treat with: - AnswersCiprofloxacin
Acute cystitis is typically non-systemic until: - Answers7-10 days infection when it becomes
complicated - may progress to UTI
Treatment for complicated Acute cystitis: - AnswersUrinary analgesia: Phenazopyridine - LIMIT
TO 2 DAYS treatment; as this will mask Cystitis symptoms
If acute pyelonephritis & acute prostatitis patients have sulfa allergy treat with: -
AnswersBactrim or Bata Lactam
1f acute pyelonephritis & acute prostatitis patients are inpatient setting treat with: - AnswersIV
Ampicillin + Aminoglycoside
,Do not force hydration in: - AnswersUrinary Stone Disease: Only till Euvolemic
When to use suprapubic catheter instead of urethral catheters? - AnswersAcute Bacterial
Prostatitis
Prostate precautions - AnswersDo not message if tender to tough
Urine Dipstick limitations: - AnswersPair with clinical history and findings - negative dipstick
findings do not rule out infection
Urine incubation time for bacterial growth: - Answers2 hrs
Significant dipstick findings when: - AnswersLeukocyte Esterase
Nitrates
>1 cell blood
>3 cells protein
UA; Urine microscopic significant findings: - AnswersPyuria: WBC-PUS
WBC: > 5 per HPF or 8-10 per uL
Bacteria
RBC: > 5 per HPF (High power field in urine)
- Same findings for UTI and Inflammation!
Urine culture in uncomplicated Cystitis? - AnswersNOT NEEDED
Clean catch specimen for uncomplicated bacteriuria: - AnswersSignificant for > 100,000
CFU/mL bacteria
Women need 2 specimens for significance
Men need 1 specimen for significance
Catheter catch specimen for uncomplicated bacteriuria: - AnswersSignificant for > 100 CFU/mL
bacteria
1 specimen for significance in male or female
Colony count does not correlate severity level in: - AnswersAcute cystitis
Age Keys to Acute Epididymitis - Answers< 40yrs = STD (Chlamydia / Gonorrhea) consideration
, > 40yrs = UTI / Prostatitis / gram (-) rods consideration
Treatment for UTI with Multi-drug resistance (MDR) considerations: - AnswersLOW MDR risk:
Cefriaxone - Zosyn or Fluoroquinolones
HIGH MDR risk: Antipseudomonal Carbapenem -w- MRSA coverage
Treatment for UTI from Candidiasis with Multi-drug resistance (MDR) considerations: -
AnswersLOW MDR risk: Fluconazole
HIGH MDR risk: Amphotericin B deoxycholate
Syphilis - Stage 1 (Primary) - AnswersMay be asymptomatic
Painless - Primary lesion (chancre) arises at the point of entry-- evident 10 to 90 days following
contact
Syphilis stage 2 (secondary) - Answersfever - malaise - non-tender lymphadenopathy -
mucocutaneous lesions
Syphilis Latent - AnswersDelayed onset
Neurosyphilis - AnswersHas reached spine: CSF will be diagnose
Syphilis Tertiary stage - Answersimmune response manifested from neurosyphilis or CV syphilis
Serum Syphilis test - AnswersRPR
Neuro syphilis test - AnswersVDRL from CSF fluid
Syphilis treament - AnswersBenzathine Penicillin G
Aqueous Crystalline Penicillin G for [NEUROSYPHILIS]
Syphilis symptoms vs Herpes - AnswersClean appearance - Painless, single papule with no pain
initially vs Herpes
Herpes: Painful, multiple purulent papules that turn to vesicles during a primary outbreak
Syphilis systemic symptoms: - AnswersVery rare
BPH treatment - AnswersAlpha Blockade:
Tamsulosin (FLomax)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Prazosin (Minipress)
Most common urologic emergency - AnswersAcute urinary retention
Urinary retention volume - Answers> 300 cc ; Overflow incontinence when chronic
When to leave urinary catheter in or str8 catheter - Answers> 400 cc
Gender acute cystitis occurs in the most - AnswersWomen
Acute cystitis risk factors - AnswersFemale gender
sexually active women
DM in women (UTI risk increase 2-3x)
incontinent women
Acute cystitis infective organism - AnswersEnteric gram negative rods: E. Coli is the most
common
Uncomplicated Cystitis treatment - AnswersCan resolve on own.
if pharm needed: Empiric Antibiotics 1st line: Cephalexin-Nitrofurantin or Trimethoprim-
Sulfamethoxazole
If Acute cystitis and have sulfa allergy treat with: - AnswersCiprofloxacin
Acute cystitis is typically non-systemic until: - Answers7-10 days infection when it becomes
complicated - may progress to UTI
Treatment for complicated Acute cystitis: - AnswersUrinary analgesia: Phenazopyridine - LIMIT
TO 2 DAYS treatment; as this will mask Cystitis symptoms
If acute pyelonephritis & acute prostatitis patients have sulfa allergy treat with: -
AnswersBactrim or Bata Lactam
1f acute pyelonephritis & acute prostatitis patients are inpatient setting treat with: - AnswersIV
Ampicillin + Aminoglycoside
,Do not force hydration in: - AnswersUrinary Stone Disease: Only till Euvolemic
When to use suprapubic catheter instead of urethral catheters? - AnswersAcute Bacterial
Prostatitis
Prostate precautions - AnswersDo not message if tender to tough
Urine Dipstick limitations: - AnswersPair with clinical history and findings - negative dipstick
findings do not rule out infection
Urine incubation time for bacterial growth: - Answers2 hrs
Significant dipstick findings when: - AnswersLeukocyte Esterase
Nitrates
>1 cell blood
>3 cells protein
UA; Urine microscopic significant findings: - AnswersPyuria: WBC-PUS
WBC: > 5 per HPF or 8-10 per uL
Bacteria
RBC: > 5 per HPF (High power field in urine)
- Same findings for UTI and Inflammation!
Urine culture in uncomplicated Cystitis? - AnswersNOT NEEDED
Clean catch specimen for uncomplicated bacteriuria: - AnswersSignificant for > 100,000
CFU/mL bacteria
Women need 2 specimens for significance
Men need 1 specimen for significance
Catheter catch specimen for uncomplicated bacteriuria: - AnswersSignificant for > 100 CFU/mL
bacteria
1 specimen for significance in male or female
Colony count does not correlate severity level in: - AnswersAcute cystitis
Age Keys to Acute Epididymitis - Answers< 40yrs = STD (Chlamydia / Gonorrhea) consideration
, > 40yrs = UTI / Prostatitis / gram (-) rods consideration
Treatment for UTI with Multi-drug resistance (MDR) considerations: - AnswersLOW MDR risk:
Cefriaxone - Zosyn or Fluoroquinolones
HIGH MDR risk: Antipseudomonal Carbapenem -w- MRSA coverage
Treatment for UTI from Candidiasis with Multi-drug resistance (MDR) considerations: -
AnswersLOW MDR risk: Fluconazole
HIGH MDR risk: Amphotericin B deoxycholate
Syphilis - Stage 1 (Primary) - AnswersMay be asymptomatic
Painless - Primary lesion (chancre) arises at the point of entry-- evident 10 to 90 days following
contact
Syphilis stage 2 (secondary) - Answersfever - malaise - non-tender lymphadenopathy -
mucocutaneous lesions
Syphilis Latent - AnswersDelayed onset
Neurosyphilis - AnswersHas reached spine: CSF will be diagnose
Syphilis Tertiary stage - Answersimmune response manifested from neurosyphilis or CV syphilis
Serum Syphilis test - AnswersRPR
Neuro syphilis test - AnswersVDRL from CSF fluid
Syphilis treament - AnswersBenzathine Penicillin G
Aqueous Crystalline Penicillin G for [NEUROSYPHILIS]
Syphilis symptoms vs Herpes - AnswersClean appearance - Painless, single papule with no pain
initially vs Herpes
Herpes: Painful, multiple purulent papules that turn to vesicles during a primary outbreak
Syphilis systemic symptoms: - AnswersVery rare
