PNP301 - Test 3 Revision Exam With
Already Solved Solutions (2025)
Updated.
What is shock? - Answer Widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs when the
human need for oxygenation and tissue perfusion is not met to the level needed to maintain
cell function.
What is tissue perfusion? - Answer blood flow through body tissues
What is shock the result of? - Answer decreased circulating blood volume leading to
decreased tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
Why is shock considered a syndrome? - Answer Identified through S&S
Because the cellular, tissue, and organ events that occur in response to its presence happen in a
predictable sequence.
What type of response is usually triggered when someone goes into shock? - Answer whole-
body
What are main initial manifestations of shock? (2) - Answer - hypotension
- anaerobic cellular metabolism
What is hypovalemic shock? - Answer extensive loss of blood/ fluid volume
What commonly causes hypovalemic shock? - Answer Commonly caused by hemorrhage
(external or internal) and dehydration (diarrhea/vomiting)
What is cardiogenic shock? - Answer Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply
sufficient blood to the body
What is vasogenic shock? - Answer caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis
,What is sepsis? - Answer - systemic inflammatory response to documented or suspected
infection
- presence of tissue perfusion abnormalities
What is anaphylaxis? - Answer -Severe allergic reaction
- Massive vasodilation
- Increased capillary permeability
What are clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis? - Answer - Anxiety, confusion, dizziness
- Sense of impending doom
- Chest pain
- Incontinence
- Swelling of the lips and tongue, angioedema
- wheezing
- respiratory distress and circulatory failure
What is neurogenic shock? - Answer Hemodynamic phenomenon that can occur within 30
minutes of a spinal cord injury at the fifth thoracic (T5) vertebra or above and can last up to 6
weeks.
- spinal cord injury
- opiod overdose
Sequence of Neurogenic Shock - Answer - loss of sympathetic tone
- venous and arterial vasodilation
- decreased BP
- decreased venous return
- decreased stroke volume
- decreased cardiac output
- decreased cellular oxgen supply
- decreased tissue perfusion
,taking on the temperature of the environment
Stages of Circulatory Shock - Answer 1) compensatory
2) progressive
3) decompensated/refractory
What is the difference between relative and absolute hypovalemia? - Answer absolute =
reduction in total circulating blood volume
relative = decrease in the effective circulating blood volume (ex sepsis)
What are the precipitating factors of cardiogenic shock? - Answer - Myocardial infarction
- Cardiomyopathy
- Blunt cardiac injury
- Severe systemic or pulmonary hypertension
- Cardiac tamponade
- Myocardial depression from metabolic problems
Damage to heart muscle
What is SIRS? - Answer systemic inflammatory response syndrome
What is systemic inflammatory response syndrome? - Answer when generalized inflammation
occurs and threatens vital organs
S&S of SIRS - Answer 1) unexplained change in mental status (confusion, not as awake and
alert as normal).
2) fever of more than 100.4° F
3) increased heart rate
4) increased respiratory rate
5) abnormal white blood cell count (over 10,000)
, What is anasarca? - Answer generalized edema
What is V/Q? - Answer Ventilation-perfusion ratio
What does V/Q mismatch mean? - Answer occurs when either the ventilation (airflow) or
perfusion (blood flow) in the lungs is impaired, preventing the lungs from optimally delivering
oxygen to the blood
see in the progressive stage of shock
What diagnostic tests would you do to confirm cardiogenic shock? - Answer - arterial line
- central line
- blood work
Why do you need an arterial line to manage/confirm cardiogenic shock? - Answer to allow for
continuous monitoring of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Why do you need a central line to manage/confirm cardiogenic shock? - Answer in order to
administer vasoactive agents, and measure central venous pressure and central venous
oxygenation when appropriate
What would you check for in someones bloodwork to confirm/manage shock? - Answer - BUN
- Creatinine
- Cardiac Enzymes (CK-MB, Troponin, ESR, BNP, CBC (WBC)
- ABGs
- electrolytes-Na+, K+)
The nurse determine that the client in shock had progressed beyond the compensated stage
with which laboratory test result
a) Increased blood glucose levels
b) Increased serum sodium levels
c) Increased serum potassium levels
Already Solved Solutions (2025)
Updated.
What is shock? - Answer Widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs when the
human need for oxygenation and tissue perfusion is not met to the level needed to maintain
cell function.
What is tissue perfusion? - Answer blood flow through body tissues
What is shock the result of? - Answer decreased circulating blood volume leading to
decreased tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
Why is shock considered a syndrome? - Answer Identified through S&S
Because the cellular, tissue, and organ events that occur in response to its presence happen in a
predictable sequence.
What type of response is usually triggered when someone goes into shock? - Answer whole-
body
What are main initial manifestations of shock? (2) - Answer - hypotension
- anaerobic cellular metabolism
What is hypovalemic shock? - Answer extensive loss of blood/ fluid volume
What commonly causes hypovalemic shock? - Answer Commonly caused by hemorrhage
(external or internal) and dehydration (diarrhea/vomiting)
What is cardiogenic shock? - Answer Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply
sufficient blood to the body
What is vasogenic shock? - Answer caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis
,What is sepsis? - Answer - systemic inflammatory response to documented or suspected
infection
- presence of tissue perfusion abnormalities
What is anaphylaxis? - Answer -Severe allergic reaction
- Massive vasodilation
- Increased capillary permeability
What are clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis? - Answer - Anxiety, confusion, dizziness
- Sense of impending doom
- Chest pain
- Incontinence
- Swelling of the lips and tongue, angioedema
- wheezing
- respiratory distress and circulatory failure
What is neurogenic shock? - Answer Hemodynamic phenomenon that can occur within 30
minutes of a spinal cord injury at the fifth thoracic (T5) vertebra or above and can last up to 6
weeks.
- spinal cord injury
- opiod overdose
Sequence of Neurogenic Shock - Answer - loss of sympathetic tone
- venous and arterial vasodilation
- decreased BP
- decreased venous return
- decreased stroke volume
- decreased cardiac output
- decreased cellular oxgen supply
- decreased tissue perfusion
,taking on the temperature of the environment
Stages of Circulatory Shock - Answer 1) compensatory
2) progressive
3) decompensated/refractory
What is the difference between relative and absolute hypovalemia? - Answer absolute =
reduction in total circulating blood volume
relative = decrease in the effective circulating blood volume (ex sepsis)
What are the precipitating factors of cardiogenic shock? - Answer - Myocardial infarction
- Cardiomyopathy
- Blunt cardiac injury
- Severe systemic or pulmonary hypertension
- Cardiac tamponade
- Myocardial depression from metabolic problems
Damage to heart muscle
What is SIRS? - Answer systemic inflammatory response syndrome
What is systemic inflammatory response syndrome? - Answer when generalized inflammation
occurs and threatens vital organs
S&S of SIRS - Answer 1) unexplained change in mental status (confusion, not as awake and
alert as normal).
2) fever of more than 100.4° F
3) increased heart rate
4) increased respiratory rate
5) abnormal white blood cell count (over 10,000)
, What is anasarca? - Answer generalized edema
What is V/Q? - Answer Ventilation-perfusion ratio
What does V/Q mismatch mean? - Answer occurs when either the ventilation (airflow) or
perfusion (blood flow) in the lungs is impaired, preventing the lungs from optimally delivering
oxygen to the blood
see in the progressive stage of shock
What diagnostic tests would you do to confirm cardiogenic shock? - Answer - arterial line
- central line
- blood work
Why do you need an arterial line to manage/confirm cardiogenic shock? - Answer to allow for
continuous monitoring of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Why do you need a central line to manage/confirm cardiogenic shock? - Answer in order to
administer vasoactive agents, and measure central venous pressure and central venous
oxygenation when appropriate
What would you check for in someones bloodwork to confirm/manage shock? - Answer - BUN
- Creatinine
- Cardiac Enzymes (CK-MB, Troponin, ESR, BNP, CBC (WBC)
- ABGs
- electrolytes-Na+, K+)
The nurse determine that the client in shock had progressed beyond the compensated stage
with which laboratory test result
a) Increased blood glucose levels
b) Increased serum sodium levels
c) Increased serum potassium levels
