HESI A2 A&P EXAM WITH VERRIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025
WITH 100% PASS
nucleus - answ✔️✔️-a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
ribosomes - answ✔️✔️-non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticlum - answ✔️✔️-a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that
assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
golgi bodies - answ✔️✔️-They receive proteins and other newlly formed materials from the ER,
package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell
lysosomes - answ✔️✔️-filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used
vacuoles - answ✔️✔️-saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates in the cytoplasm
mitochondia - answ✔️✔️-"power plants" of the cell; contain enzymes and generators that break down
food molecules and use the energy released to produce ATP
chloroplasts - answ✔️✔️-organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical
energy in a process called photosynthesis
cytoskeleton - answ✔️✔️-a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm
of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
, cilia - answ✔️✔️-short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that
move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
cell membrane - answ✔️✔️-thin, flexible barrier around a cell, regulates what enters and leaves the
cell
cell wall - answ✔️✔️-a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some
other organisms
diffusion - answ✔️✔️-process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more
concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
osmosis - answ✔️✔️-diffusion of water
isotonic - answ✔️✔️-(used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure
hypotonic - answ✔️✔️-describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute
concentration inside a cell
hypertonic - answ✔️✔️-describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute
concentration inside a cell
passive transport - answ✔️✔️-The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using
energy
active transport - answ✔️✔️-transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane
against the concentration gradient, requires energy
prokaryotes - answ✔️✔️-single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025
WITH 100% PASS
nucleus - answ✔️✔️-a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
ribosomes - answ✔️✔️-non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticlum - answ✔️✔️-a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that
assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
golgi bodies - answ✔️✔️-They receive proteins and other newlly formed materials from the ER,
package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell
lysosomes - answ✔️✔️-filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used
vacuoles - answ✔️✔️-saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates in the cytoplasm
mitochondia - answ✔️✔️-"power plants" of the cell; contain enzymes and generators that break down
food molecules and use the energy released to produce ATP
chloroplasts - answ✔️✔️-organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical
energy in a process called photosynthesis
cytoskeleton - answ✔️✔️-a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm
of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
, cilia - answ✔️✔️-short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that
move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
cell membrane - answ✔️✔️-thin, flexible barrier around a cell, regulates what enters and leaves the
cell
cell wall - answ✔️✔️-a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some
other organisms
diffusion - answ✔️✔️-process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more
concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
osmosis - answ✔️✔️-diffusion of water
isotonic - answ✔️✔️-(used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure
hypotonic - answ✔️✔️-describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute
concentration inside a cell
hypertonic - answ✔️✔️-describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute
concentration inside a cell
passive transport - answ✔️✔️-The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using
energy
active transport - answ✔️✔️-transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane
against the concentration gradient, requires energy
prokaryotes - answ✔️✔️-single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus
