ASBOG Fundamentals of Geology Exam 2025
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Terms in this set (647)
A region of Earth's outer shell beneath the
Asthenosphere lithosphere. The asthenosphere is of indeterminate
thickness and behaves plastically. (Begin Chapter 1)
A concept suggesting that continents move over
continental drift
Earth's surface.
A boundary between two plates that are moving
convergent boundary
toward each other.
core The central zone of Earth.
The outer layer of rock, forming a thin skin over
crust
Earth's surface.
Observations or measurements used by scientists to
data
test hypotheses.
Boundary separating two plates moving away from
divergent boundary
each other.
Material is in equilibrium if it is adjusted to the
equilibrium physical and chemical conditions of its environment
so that it does not change or alter with time.
The physical removal of rock by an agent such as
erosion
running water, glacial ice, or wind.
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A tentative and testable theory. Usually written as an
hypothesis
if/then statement.
A rock formed or apparently formed from
igneous rock
solidification of magma.
Concept of vertical movement of sections of Earth's
isostatic adjustment
crust to achieve balance or equilibrium.
The rigid outer shell of Earth, 70 to 125 or more
lithosphere
kilometers thick.
Molten rock, usually mostly silica. The liquid may
magma contain dissolved gases as well as some solid
minerals.
A thick shell of rock that separates Earth's crust
mantle
above from the core below.
metamorphic rock A rock produced by metamorphism.
A giant mountain range that lies under the ocean
mid-oceanic ridge
and extends around the world.
A theory that Earth's surface is divided into a few
large, thick plates that are slowly moving and
plate tectonics
changing in size. Intense geologic activity occurs at
the plate boundaries.
A means of gaining knowledge through objective
scientific method
procedures.
Loose, solid particles that can originate by (1)
weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks, (2)
sediment
chemical precipitation from solution, usually in
water, and (3) secretion by organisms.
Rock that has formed from (1) lithification of any
sedimentary rock type of sediment, (2) precipitation from solution, or
(3) consolidation of the remains of plants or animals.
subduction zone Elongate region in which subduction takes place.
Forces generated from within Earth that result in
tectonic forces uplift, movement, or deformation of part of Earth's
crust.
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