PEDIATRICS - HESI EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST 2025/2026 |100% CORRECT
The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-
B B B B B B B B
year old female client who is scheduled for surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by t
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
he client best demonstrates that learning has taken place?
B B B B B B B B B
A. I will read all the literature you gave me before surgery.
B B B B B B B B B B B
B. I have had surgery before when I broke my wrist in a bike accident, so I know what to expect.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
C. All the things people have told me will help me take care of my back.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
D. I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn. - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
D. I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Outcome of learning is best demonstrated when the client not only verbalizes an understanding, but a
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
lso can provide a return demonstration. A 14-
B B B B B B B
year old may or may not follow through with reading material and there is no way of measuring that w
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ay of learning. Have a previous surgery may help the client understand the surgical process, but wrist s
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
urgery is very different from spinal surgery and emergency surgery is different than elective surgery. In
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B(C), the client may be saying what the nurse wants to hear, without expressing any real understanding
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bof what to do after surgery.
B B B B B
To take the vital signs of a 4-month old child, which order will give the most accurate results?
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
B B B B B B B
B. Heart rate, rectal temperature, then respiratory rate.
B B B B B B B
C. Rectal temperature, heart rate, then respiratory rate
B B B B B B B
D. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, then heart rate - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B
A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
B B B B B B B
The respiratory rate should be taken first in infants, since touching them or performing unpleasant pro
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
cedures usually makes them cry, elevating the heart rate and making respirations difficult to count. Re
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ctal temperature is the most invasive procedure, and is mot likely to precipitate crying, so should be d
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
one last. B
During routine screening at a school clinic, an otoscope examination of a child's ear reveals a tympanic
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
membrane that is pearly gray, slightly bulging, and not movable. What action should the nurse take n
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ext? B
A. No action required, as this is an expected finding for a school-aged child
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
,C. Send a note home advising the parents to have the child evaluated by a healthcare provider as soon
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
as possible.
B B
d. Call the parents and have them take the child home from school for the rest of the day. - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
More information is needed to interpret these findings. The tympanic membrane is normally pearly gr
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ay, not bulging, and moves when the client blows against resistance or a small puff of air is blown into
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
the ear canal. Since this child's findings are not completely normal, further assessment of history and r
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
elated signs and symptoms is indicated for accurate interpretation of the findings. (A), (C), and (D) are
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
inappropriate actions based on the data obtained from the otoscope examination.
B B B B B B B B B B
Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair?
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. clove hitch
B B
B. MummyB
C. elbowB
D. jacket - ANSWER-C. elbow
B B B B
Elbow restraints B
Elbow restraints prevent children from bending their arms and bringing their hands to the oral surgical
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bsite. A clove hitch restrains the hands, but the child can bend and bring their head to their hands. A m
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ummy restraint is used during procedures. A jacket restraint restrains the body torso and is not approp
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
riate.
What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an infant with pylori
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
c stenosis?
B B
A. Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis.
B B B B B B
B. estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools.
B B B B B B
C. place in a supine position after feeding
B B B B B B B
D. observe for projectile vomiting. - ANSWER-D. observe for projectile vomiting.
B B B B B B B B B B
Projectile vomiting which contributes to metabolic alkalosis, is the classic sign of pyloric stenosis. Esti
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
mating the quantity of diarrhea stools is not indicated. Placing the child in a supine position is dangero
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
us due to the potential for aspiration with frequent vomiting.
B B B B B B B B B
,A six-month-
B
old returns from surgery with elbow restraints in place. What nursing care should be included when ca
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ring for any restrained child?
B B B B B
A. keep restraints on at all times.
B B B B B B B
B. remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises
B B B B B B B B B B B B
C. Remove all restraints simultaneously and provide lay activities
B B B B B B B B
D. renew the healthcare provider's prescription for restraints every 72 hours. - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B B B B
B. remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Removing restraints one at a time is safer than removing all of them at once. The child needs to exerci
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
se and should not be kept in restraints at all times. The renewal of the healthcare provider's prescripti
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
on varies with hospitals and it does not really answer the question.
B B B B B B B B B B B
A 2-
B
year old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical examination. The nu
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
rse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome?
B B B B B B B B B B
A. congenital heart disease
B B B
B. fragile x-chromosome
B B
C. trisomy 13
B B
D. pyloric stenosis - ANSWER-A. congenital heart disease
B B B B B B B
Congenital heart disease is the most common associated defect in children with Down syndrome. Tris
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
omy 13 my have seemed possible since Down syndrome is a trisomal chromosomal abnormality o chr
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
omosome 21. Fragile x-chromosome is a sex- B B B B B B
linked abnormality also causing mental retardation. Pyloric stenosis is not associated with Down syndr
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ome.
When assessing a child with asthma, the nurse should expect intercostal retractions during
B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. inspiration
B
B. coughing
B
C. apneic episodes
B B
D. expiration - ANSWER-A. inspiration
B B B B
Intercostal retractions result from respiratory effort to draw air into restricted airways.
B B B B B B B B B B B
, When planning the care for a child who has had a cleft lip repair, the nurse knows that crying should b
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
e minimized because it
B B B
A. increases salivation
B B
B. increases the respiratory rate
B B B B
C. leads to vomiting
B B B
D. stresses the suture line - ANSWER-D. stresses the suture line
B B B B B B B B B B
Prevention of stress on the lip suture line is essential for optimum healing and the cosmetic appearan
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ce of a cleft lip repair. Although crying also causes increased salivation, increased respiratory rate and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
may lead to vomiting, these conditions do not create a problem for the child with a cleft lip repair.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
A full- B
term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the nurse suspects that the
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms is this newborn likely to have exhibited?
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. choking, coughing, and cyanosis
B B B B
B. projectile vomiting and cyanosis
B B B B
C. apneic spells and grunting
B B B B
D. scaphoid abdomen and anorexia - ANSWER-A. choking, coughing, and cyanosis
B B B B B B B B B B
(A) includes the "3 C's" of esophageal atresia caused by the overflow of secretions into the trachea. (B
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
) is characteristic of pyloric stenosis in the infant. (C) could be due to prematurity or sepsis, and grunti
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ng is a sign of respiratory distress. (D) is characteristic of a diaphragmatic hernia.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Which behavior would the nurse expect a two-year-old child to exhibit?
B B B B B B B B B B B
A. build a house with blocks
B B B B B
B. ride a tricycle
B B B
C. display possessiveness of toys
B B B B
D. look at a picture book for 15 minutes - ANSWER-C. display possessiveness of toys
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Two-
year old children are egocentric and unable to share with other children. (A, B, and D) are behaviors of
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
a preschooler.
B B
ANSWERS LATEST 2025/2026 |100% CORRECT
The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-
B B B B B B B B
year old female client who is scheduled for surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by t
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
he client best demonstrates that learning has taken place?
B B B B B B B B B
A. I will read all the literature you gave me before surgery.
B B B B B B B B B B B
B. I have had surgery before when I broke my wrist in a bike accident, so I know what to expect.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
C. All the things people have told me will help me take care of my back.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
D. I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn. - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
D. I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Outcome of learning is best demonstrated when the client not only verbalizes an understanding, but a
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
lso can provide a return demonstration. A 14-
B B B B B B B
year old may or may not follow through with reading material and there is no way of measuring that w
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ay of learning. Have a previous surgery may help the client understand the surgical process, but wrist s
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
urgery is very different from spinal surgery and emergency surgery is different than elective surgery. In
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B(C), the client may be saying what the nurse wants to hear, without expressing any real understanding
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bof what to do after surgery.
B B B B B
To take the vital signs of a 4-month old child, which order will give the most accurate results?
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
B B B B B B B
B. Heart rate, rectal temperature, then respiratory rate.
B B B B B B B
C. Rectal temperature, heart rate, then respiratory rate
B B B B B B B
D. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, then heart rate - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B
A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
B B B B B B B
The respiratory rate should be taken first in infants, since touching them or performing unpleasant pro
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
cedures usually makes them cry, elevating the heart rate and making respirations difficult to count. Re
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ctal temperature is the most invasive procedure, and is mot likely to precipitate crying, so should be d
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
one last. B
During routine screening at a school clinic, an otoscope examination of a child's ear reveals a tympanic
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
membrane that is pearly gray, slightly bulging, and not movable. What action should the nurse take n
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ext? B
A. No action required, as this is an expected finding for a school-aged child
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
,C. Send a note home advising the parents to have the child evaluated by a healthcare provider as soon
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
as possible.
B B
d. Call the parents and have them take the child home from school for the rest of the day. - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
More information is needed to interpret these findings. The tympanic membrane is normally pearly gr
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ay, not bulging, and moves when the client blows against resistance or a small puff of air is blown into
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
the ear canal. Since this child's findings are not completely normal, further assessment of history and r
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
elated signs and symptoms is indicated for accurate interpretation of the findings. (A), (C), and (D) are
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
inappropriate actions based on the data obtained from the otoscope examination.
B B B B B B B B B B
Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair?
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. clove hitch
B B
B. MummyB
C. elbowB
D. jacket - ANSWER-C. elbow
B B B B
Elbow restraints B
Elbow restraints prevent children from bending their arms and bringing their hands to the oral surgical
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bsite. A clove hitch restrains the hands, but the child can bend and bring their head to their hands. A m
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ummy restraint is used during procedures. A jacket restraint restrains the body torso and is not approp
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
riate.
What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an infant with pylori
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
c stenosis?
B B
A. Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis.
B B B B B B
B. estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools.
B B B B B B
C. place in a supine position after feeding
B B B B B B B
D. observe for projectile vomiting. - ANSWER-D. observe for projectile vomiting.
B B B B B B B B B B
Projectile vomiting which contributes to metabolic alkalosis, is the classic sign of pyloric stenosis. Esti
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
mating the quantity of diarrhea stools is not indicated. Placing the child in a supine position is dangero
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
us due to the potential for aspiration with frequent vomiting.
B B B B B B B B B
,A six-month-
B
old returns from surgery with elbow restraints in place. What nursing care should be included when ca
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ring for any restrained child?
B B B B B
A. keep restraints on at all times.
B B B B B B B
B. remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises
B B B B B B B B B B B B
C. Remove all restraints simultaneously and provide lay activities
B B B B B B B B
D. renew the healthcare provider's prescription for restraints every 72 hours. - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B B B B
B. remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Removing restraints one at a time is safer than removing all of them at once. The child needs to exerci
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
se and should not be kept in restraints at all times. The renewal of the healthcare provider's prescripti
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
on varies with hospitals and it does not really answer the question.
B B B B B B B B B B B
A 2-
B
year old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical examination. The nu
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
rse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome?
B B B B B B B B B B
A. congenital heart disease
B B B
B. fragile x-chromosome
B B
C. trisomy 13
B B
D. pyloric stenosis - ANSWER-A. congenital heart disease
B B B B B B B
Congenital heart disease is the most common associated defect in children with Down syndrome. Tris
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
omy 13 my have seemed possible since Down syndrome is a trisomal chromosomal abnormality o chr
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
omosome 21. Fragile x-chromosome is a sex- B B B B B B
linked abnormality also causing mental retardation. Pyloric stenosis is not associated with Down syndr
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ome.
When assessing a child with asthma, the nurse should expect intercostal retractions during
B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. inspiration
B
B. coughing
B
C. apneic episodes
B B
D. expiration - ANSWER-A. inspiration
B B B B
Intercostal retractions result from respiratory effort to draw air into restricted airways.
B B B B B B B B B B B
, When planning the care for a child who has had a cleft lip repair, the nurse knows that crying should b
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
e minimized because it
B B B
A. increases salivation
B B
B. increases the respiratory rate
B B B B
C. leads to vomiting
B B B
D. stresses the suture line - ANSWER-D. stresses the suture line
B B B B B B B B B B
Prevention of stress on the lip suture line is essential for optimum healing and the cosmetic appearan
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ce of a cleft lip repair. Although crying also causes increased salivation, increased respiratory rate and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
may lead to vomiting, these conditions do not create a problem for the child with a cleft lip repair.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
A full- B
term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the nurse suspects that the
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms is this newborn likely to have exhibited?
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. choking, coughing, and cyanosis
B B B B
B. projectile vomiting and cyanosis
B B B B
C. apneic spells and grunting
B B B B
D. scaphoid abdomen and anorexia - ANSWER-A. choking, coughing, and cyanosis
B B B B B B B B B B
(A) includes the "3 C's" of esophageal atresia caused by the overflow of secretions into the trachea. (B
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
) is characteristic of pyloric stenosis in the infant. (C) could be due to prematurity or sepsis, and grunti
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ng is a sign of respiratory distress. (D) is characteristic of a diaphragmatic hernia.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Which behavior would the nurse expect a two-year-old child to exhibit?
B B B B B B B B B B B
A. build a house with blocks
B B B B B
B. ride a tricycle
B B B
C. display possessiveness of toys
B B B B
D. look at a picture book for 15 minutes - ANSWER-C. display possessiveness of toys
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Two-
year old children are egocentric and unable to share with other children. (A, B, and D) are behaviors of
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
a preschooler.
B B
