Biology 252 Exam 2 2025/2026 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Update
Describe the cells of the bone tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Osteogenic cells
-Osteoblasts
-Osteocytes
-Osteoclasts
What membrane lines the internal canals and the small cavities of the compact and
spongy bones? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Endosteum
What is the periosteum composed of? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Dense irregular
connective tissue
-Collagen fibers
-Outer fibrous layer has fibroblasts
,-Inner layer has progenitor cells that become osteoblasts
Describe the matrix of the bone tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Stony matter surrounding
osteocytes and lacunae
-1/3 organic (collagen and protein-carb complex) and 2/3 inorganic (CaK,
CaCO3...)
-gives bone flexibility and strength
-Minerals resist compression
-Collagen resists tension
Compare the function of the organic and the inorganic material in the bone matrix -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Inorganic (minerals) resist compression
-Organic (protein-carb complex/collagen) resists tension
Why does calcification result in death of chondrocytes, while ossification does not
result in death of osteocytes? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Chondroblasts are surrounded by
cartilage matrix and receive oxygen and nutrients by diffusion through the matrix.
When the matrix becomes calcified, diffusion is reduced the the point that the cells
die. When osteoblasts form bone matrix, they connect to one another by their cell
processes. Thus, when the matrix is laid down, canaliculi are formed. Even though
the ossified bone matrix is dense and prevents significant diffusion, the osteocytes
, can receive gases and nutrients through the canaliculi or by movement form one
osteocyte to another.
Describe the process of endochondral ossification. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. Hyaline
cartilage is covered with fibrous perichondrium
2. In middle of cartilage (primary oss. center), chondrocytes die, and the thin wall
calcify. Perichondrium cells become osteoblasts and form bony collar-periosteum.
3. Blood vessels grow into primary oss. center. Osteoclasts come and hollow out
calcified center (primary marrow cavity). Osteoblasts come and deposit bone,
thickening shaft. Second oss. center develops at ends of bone.
4. Second oss. center hollows out secondary marrow cavity. Dividing line is
formed-metaphysis.
5. Epiphyseal plate surrounding by metaphysis exists; enables bones to grow in
length and width.
6. No more cartilage=no more room to grow; only cartilage is articular cartilage,
which needs to stay mushy
What is the effect of inadequate levels of calcium in the diet of an adult on the
skeleton? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Since we need calcium for everything, the parathyroid
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Update
Describe the cells of the bone tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Osteogenic cells
-Osteoblasts
-Osteocytes
-Osteoclasts
What membrane lines the internal canals and the small cavities of the compact and
spongy bones? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Endosteum
What is the periosteum composed of? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Dense irregular
connective tissue
-Collagen fibers
-Outer fibrous layer has fibroblasts
,-Inner layer has progenitor cells that become osteoblasts
Describe the matrix of the bone tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Stony matter surrounding
osteocytes and lacunae
-1/3 organic (collagen and protein-carb complex) and 2/3 inorganic (CaK,
CaCO3...)
-gives bone flexibility and strength
-Minerals resist compression
-Collagen resists tension
Compare the function of the organic and the inorganic material in the bone matrix -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Inorganic (minerals) resist compression
-Organic (protein-carb complex/collagen) resists tension
Why does calcification result in death of chondrocytes, while ossification does not
result in death of osteocytes? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Chondroblasts are surrounded by
cartilage matrix and receive oxygen and nutrients by diffusion through the matrix.
When the matrix becomes calcified, diffusion is reduced the the point that the cells
die. When osteoblasts form bone matrix, they connect to one another by their cell
processes. Thus, when the matrix is laid down, canaliculi are formed. Even though
the ossified bone matrix is dense and prevents significant diffusion, the osteocytes
, can receive gases and nutrients through the canaliculi or by movement form one
osteocyte to another.
Describe the process of endochondral ossification. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. Hyaline
cartilage is covered with fibrous perichondrium
2. In middle of cartilage (primary oss. center), chondrocytes die, and the thin wall
calcify. Perichondrium cells become osteoblasts and form bony collar-periosteum.
3. Blood vessels grow into primary oss. center. Osteoclasts come and hollow out
calcified center (primary marrow cavity). Osteoblasts come and deposit bone,
thickening shaft. Second oss. center develops at ends of bone.
4. Second oss. center hollows out secondary marrow cavity. Dividing line is
formed-metaphysis.
5. Epiphyseal plate surrounding by metaphysis exists; enables bones to grow in
length and width.
6. No more cartilage=no more room to grow; only cartilage is articular cartilage,
which needs to stay mushy
What is the effect of inadequate levels of calcium in the diet of an adult on the
skeleton? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Since we need calcium for everything, the parathyroid
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
