Internal Medicine Questions and
Answers Graded A
Top two causes CRF 1. HTN 2. DM
Prominent A Wave Tricuspid Insufficiency
Canon A Wave Heart Block
Soft P2 Pulmonary Stenosis
2 Causes Webbed Neck 1. Turner's (coarctation) 2. Noonan's (pulm stenosis)
Signs Constrictive Pericarditis 1. X and Y descent 2. Square Root Sign 3. Calcification
Beck's Triad for Cardiac Tamponade 1. Distant Heart Sounds 2. Hypotension 3. JVD
MCC HTN young people women: OCPs men: alcohol
Most important cause of chronic glomerulonephritis DM
, MC kidney stones 1. Calcium oxolate 80% increased urine pH radiopaque 2. Uric Acid 5%
Decreased urine pH Radiolucent 3. Struvite 15% Mg ammonium phosphate Proteus radiopaque
HyperCalcemia Causes VITAMIN TRAPS -Vitamin A and D intox -Immobilization -
Thyrotoxicosis -Addison's/Acidosis -Milk Alkali -Inflammatory disorders -Neoplastic disease -
Thiazides -Rhabdo -Aids -Paget's/Parenteral Nutrition/ParaTH dz -Sarcoid
HyperCalcemia Sx's Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans
RTA with abnormal H+ secretion and kidney stones Type I (distal) RTA
RTA with abnormal HCO3- and rickets Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA with aldosterone defect Type IV (distal) RTA
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia 1. Cirrhosis 2. CHF 3. nephritic syndrome
Hyperkalemia EKG Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hypokalemia EKG T waves flatten; U waves
ARF with FeNa <1% PreRenal
Answers Graded A
Top two causes CRF 1. HTN 2. DM
Prominent A Wave Tricuspid Insufficiency
Canon A Wave Heart Block
Soft P2 Pulmonary Stenosis
2 Causes Webbed Neck 1. Turner's (coarctation) 2. Noonan's (pulm stenosis)
Signs Constrictive Pericarditis 1. X and Y descent 2. Square Root Sign 3. Calcification
Beck's Triad for Cardiac Tamponade 1. Distant Heart Sounds 2. Hypotension 3. JVD
MCC HTN young people women: OCPs men: alcohol
Most important cause of chronic glomerulonephritis DM
, MC kidney stones 1. Calcium oxolate 80% increased urine pH radiopaque 2. Uric Acid 5%
Decreased urine pH Radiolucent 3. Struvite 15% Mg ammonium phosphate Proteus radiopaque
HyperCalcemia Causes VITAMIN TRAPS -Vitamin A and D intox -Immobilization -
Thyrotoxicosis -Addison's/Acidosis -Milk Alkali -Inflammatory disorders -Neoplastic disease -
Thiazides -Rhabdo -Aids -Paget's/Parenteral Nutrition/ParaTH dz -Sarcoid
HyperCalcemia Sx's Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans
RTA with abnormal H+ secretion and kidney stones Type I (distal) RTA
RTA with abnormal HCO3- and rickets Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA with aldosterone defect Type IV (distal) RTA
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia 1. Cirrhosis 2. CHF 3. nephritic syndrome
Hyperkalemia EKG Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hypokalemia EKG T waves flatten; U waves
ARF with FeNa <1% PreRenal
