NUR 305 Final Exam Review
Questions Fully Solved (2025-2026)
Updated Set.
atrophy - Answer decreased workload/disease state- decreased size of organelles- decrease
functionality in disease state/ increased efficiency
individual cells get smaller
hypertrophy - Answer increased workload/disease state- increased size and # of organelles-
increased functionality- increased inability to meet demands
individual cells get bigger
hyperplasia - Answer increased workload physiological state- increased tissue size by increase
# of cells- increased functionality- increased inability to meet demands/ compensatory or
hormonal
increase in # of cells
metaplasia - Answer pathological- normal cells replaced by abnormal cells
dysplasia - Answer pathological- normal cells mutated to abnormal shape and size
worse: more indicative of cancer
apoptosis - Answer programmed cell death- normal process of cell replacement and
development
necrosis - Answer death of most of all cells in organ/tissue due to disease, injury, failure of
blood supply
x-linked recessive disorders - Answer males: 50% chance of getting disorder from their mother
females: 50% chance of being carriers
all daughters of affected males will be carriers bu none of their sons
, croup - Answer laryngotraceobronchitis
inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchus
most commonly seen in children
often caused by viruses
seal bark bought with dyspnea, hear wheezing without stethescope
emphysema - Answer destroys alveolar walls
"pink puffer"
creates hyperinflation of alveolar sac
air trapping= increased CO2
does not trigger the central receptor for breathing
too much O2 will decrease the drive to breathe
can see barrel chest
bronchitis - Answer airway obstruction of major and small airways
"blue bloater"
mostly middle aged men that smoke
mismatching of ventilation and perfusion
barrel chest
air trapping= increased CO2
same manifestations/treatment as emphysema
pneumonia - Answer inflammation of parenchymal structures of the lung
caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi
aspiration: caused by breathing in anything but air
lobular: consolidation of a single lobe
bronchopneumonia: patchy consolidation involving more than one lobe
pneumoccol: caused by strep
asthma - Answer intermittent and reversible airway obstruction
extrinsic: caused by hypersensitivity reaction o outside antigen, onset in childhood
Questions Fully Solved (2025-2026)
Updated Set.
atrophy - Answer decreased workload/disease state- decreased size of organelles- decrease
functionality in disease state/ increased efficiency
individual cells get smaller
hypertrophy - Answer increased workload/disease state- increased size and # of organelles-
increased functionality- increased inability to meet demands
individual cells get bigger
hyperplasia - Answer increased workload physiological state- increased tissue size by increase
# of cells- increased functionality- increased inability to meet demands/ compensatory or
hormonal
increase in # of cells
metaplasia - Answer pathological- normal cells replaced by abnormal cells
dysplasia - Answer pathological- normal cells mutated to abnormal shape and size
worse: more indicative of cancer
apoptosis - Answer programmed cell death- normal process of cell replacement and
development
necrosis - Answer death of most of all cells in organ/tissue due to disease, injury, failure of
blood supply
x-linked recessive disorders - Answer males: 50% chance of getting disorder from their mother
females: 50% chance of being carriers
all daughters of affected males will be carriers bu none of their sons
, croup - Answer laryngotraceobronchitis
inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchus
most commonly seen in children
often caused by viruses
seal bark bought with dyspnea, hear wheezing without stethescope
emphysema - Answer destroys alveolar walls
"pink puffer"
creates hyperinflation of alveolar sac
air trapping= increased CO2
does not trigger the central receptor for breathing
too much O2 will decrease the drive to breathe
can see barrel chest
bronchitis - Answer airway obstruction of major and small airways
"blue bloater"
mostly middle aged men that smoke
mismatching of ventilation and perfusion
barrel chest
air trapping= increased CO2
same manifestations/treatment as emphysema
pneumonia - Answer inflammation of parenchymal structures of the lung
caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi
aspiration: caused by breathing in anything but air
lobular: consolidation of a single lobe
bronchopneumonia: patchy consolidation involving more than one lobe
pneumoccol: caused by strep
asthma - Answer intermittent and reversible airway obstruction
extrinsic: caused by hypersensitivity reaction o outside antigen, onset in childhood
