NSG 3850 Patho 2 Exam 2 [ACTUAL EXAM] LATEST
VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS] WITH PRACTICE
EXAM DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS-
LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
These factors can cause hypoventilation - CORRECT ANSWER drugs -
morphine/barbs
obesity
obstructive sleep apnea
respiratory muscle paralysis
Hyperventilation - CORRECT ANSWER This happens when there is an increase of
air entering the alveoli resulting in decreased PaCO2
These factors can cause hyperventilation - CORRECT ANSWER pain
anxiety
high altitude
sepsis
fever
brainstem injury
obstructive/restrictive lung disorders
hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER deficient levels of blood oxygen
hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue oxygenation
What are the types of hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER hypoxic hypoxia - high
altitude, hypoventilation
anemic hypoxia
circulatory hypoxia - decreased cardiac output
histotoxic hypoxia - cyanide poisoning
what are the CM of hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER RAT BED
Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia/tachypnea
Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea
What is the patho of acute bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER acute inflammation of
the trachea and bronchi
,airways become inflammed and narrowed from capillary dilation
These factors can cause acute bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER smoke/chemical
inhalation
heat
allergic reaction
What can cause chronic bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER cigarette smoking
inhalation of chemical and physical irritants
repeated airway infections
What would you see with chronic bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER hypersecretion
of bronchial walls
hyperplasia of broncial mucous glands
pulmonary hypertension
scarring of bronchial mucosa
What type of COPD is associated with chronic bronchitis and what would you see? -
CORRECT ANSWER Type B COPD - Blue Bloater
cyanotic
increased sputum production
hypoxia
exertional dyspnea
digital clubbing
increased HGB and RR
overweight
chronic cough
wheezing
What would you see with emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER destructive changes
of the alveolar walls
abnormal enlargement of distal air sacs
air trapping
What are some factors that cause emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER cigarette
smoking (>70 packs a year)
air pollution
occupations (welding, mining)
a1-antitrypsin deficiency
What type of COPD is associated with emphysema and what would you see? -
CORRECT ANSWER Type A COPD - Pink Puffer
barrel chest
, hyperresonance
pursed lip breathing
dyspnea
anxiety
hunched forward
thin appearance
speaks in short jerky sentences
What is the etiology of sarcoidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Unknown; likely due to
CD4+ helper T cell response to unknown antigen
What is the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Development of
multiple, uniform, noncaseating epithelioid granulomas
abnormal T cell function
affects lung tissue and lymph nodes
What would you see with a person who has sarcoidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER
weight loss
insidious dyspnea
nonproductive dry cough
erythema nodosum
hepato/splenomegaly
hypercalcemia
enlarged lymph nodes
cough up blood
What is the etiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? - CORRECT ANSWER non
smokers
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
What is the hallmark feature of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? - CORRECT ANSWER
diffuse pulmonary fibrosis in the upper lobes of the lungs
What is the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? - CORRECT ANSWER
type 3 reaction - antigen combines with the serum antibody alveolar walls
antigen-antibody complexes that elicit granulomatous inflammation leading to lung
tissue injury+
what would you see in acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis? - CORRECT ANSWER
chills/shivering
sweating
dyspnea at rest
dry cough
VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS] WITH PRACTICE
EXAM DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS-
LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
These factors can cause hypoventilation - CORRECT ANSWER drugs -
morphine/barbs
obesity
obstructive sleep apnea
respiratory muscle paralysis
Hyperventilation - CORRECT ANSWER This happens when there is an increase of
air entering the alveoli resulting in decreased PaCO2
These factors can cause hyperventilation - CORRECT ANSWER pain
anxiety
high altitude
sepsis
fever
brainstem injury
obstructive/restrictive lung disorders
hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER deficient levels of blood oxygen
hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue oxygenation
What are the types of hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER hypoxic hypoxia - high
altitude, hypoventilation
anemic hypoxia
circulatory hypoxia - decreased cardiac output
histotoxic hypoxia - cyanide poisoning
what are the CM of hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER RAT BED
Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia/tachypnea
Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea
What is the patho of acute bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER acute inflammation of
the trachea and bronchi
,airways become inflammed and narrowed from capillary dilation
These factors can cause acute bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER smoke/chemical
inhalation
heat
allergic reaction
What can cause chronic bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER cigarette smoking
inhalation of chemical and physical irritants
repeated airway infections
What would you see with chronic bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER hypersecretion
of bronchial walls
hyperplasia of broncial mucous glands
pulmonary hypertension
scarring of bronchial mucosa
What type of COPD is associated with chronic bronchitis and what would you see? -
CORRECT ANSWER Type B COPD - Blue Bloater
cyanotic
increased sputum production
hypoxia
exertional dyspnea
digital clubbing
increased HGB and RR
overweight
chronic cough
wheezing
What would you see with emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER destructive changes
of the alveolar walls
abnormal enlargement of distal air sacs
air trapping
What are some factors that cause emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER cigarette
smoking (>70 packs a year)
air pollution
occupations (welding, mining)
a1-antitrypsin deficiency
What type of COPD is associated with emphysema and what would you see? -
CORRECT ANSWER Type A COPD - Pink Puffer
barrel chest
, hyperresonance
pursed lip breathing
dyspnea
anxiety
hunched forward
thin appearance
speaks in short jerky sentences
What is the etiology of sarcoidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Unknown; likely due to
CD4+ helper T cell response to unknown antigen
What is the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Development of
multiple, uniform, noncaseating epithelioid granulomas
abnormal T cell function
affects lung tissue and lymph nodes
What would you see with a person who has sarcoidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER
weight loss
insidious dyspnea
nonproductive dry cough
erythema nodosum
hepato/splenomegaly
hypercalcemia
enlarged lymph nodes
cough up blood
What is the etiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? - CORRECT ANSWER non
smokers
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
What is the hallmark feature of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? - CORRECT ANSWER
diffuse pulmonary fibrosis in the upper lobes of the lungs
What is the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? - CORRECT ANSWER
type 3 reaction - antigen combines with the serum antibody alveolar walls
antigen-antibody complexes that elicit granulomatous inflammation leading to lung
tissue injury+
what would you see in acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis? - CORRECT ANSWER
chills/shivering
sweating
dyspnea at rest
dry cough
