Nurs 5315 UTA exam 1 2025 Questions
and Answers
Atrophy - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse atrophy that occurs from person remaining immobile for
prolonged period of time.
Hypertrophy - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting/when a kidney is removed, the other will increase in size
to accommodate for increased work load.
Pathologic: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) from HTN
Hyperplasia - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
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,Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Dysplasia - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation and is commonly referred to
as "pre-cancer"
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Metaplasia - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke.
Change from columnar cells to squamous cells
Barretts Esophagus is when the cells change from squamous to columnar r/t
reflux of gastric acid.
Hypoxia injury - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
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, Free radical and ROS - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. normal byproduct of ATP
production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. mood altering drug, long term effects on
liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure
irreversible
Oncosis - --CORRECT ANSWER--Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling.
Organ increases in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high
fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
Fatty Infiltration - --CORRECT ANSWER--intracellular accumulation of lipids in
the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to
cirrhosis
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and Answers
Atrophy - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse atrophy that occurs from person remaining immobile for
prolonged period of time.
Hypertrophy - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting/when a kidney is removed, the other will increase in size
to accommodate for increased work load.
Pathologic: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) from HTN
Hyperplasia - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Dysplasia - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation and is commonly referred to
as "pre-cancer"
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Metaplasia - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke.
Change from columnar cells to squamous cells
Barretts Esophagus is when the cells change from squamous to columnar r/t
reflux of gastric acid.
Hypoxia injury - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, Free radical and ROS - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. normal byproduct of ATP
production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol - --CORRECT ANSWER--E. mood altering drug, long term effects on
liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure
irreversible
Oncosis - --CORRECT ANSWER--Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling.
Organ increases in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high
fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
Fatty Infiltration - --CORRECT ANSWER--intracellular accumulation of lipids in
the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to
cirrhosis
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
