Advanced Pathopharmacological Foundations Questions and Answers correct

Advanced Pathopharmacological Foundations Questions and Answers correct A 26-year-old female presents to urgent care with complaints of extreme fatigue, muscle aches, abdominal pain, numbness and tingling in her extremities, and bloating. She explains that she has been experiencing gastrointestinal upset after meals and has not had a bowel movement for the past four days. She reports using over-the-counter, anti-diarrheal products last week to combat diarrhea. She denies having any chronic diseases. The assessment findings include a blood pressure of 108/71 mm Hg, pulse of 82 beats per minute, and respirations of 20 breaths per minute. The abdomen is distended and firm. Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. The patient has a steady gait, though verbally complains of feeling weak and off balance upon ambulation. Following antibody testing, Celiac disease is suspected. Which follow-up tissue test, the gold standard for this suspected diagnosis, should be ordered? A. Endoscopy C. Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy A 44-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with advanced metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Genetic testing is ordered to determine if the patient's tumor has any genomic alterations and to guide treatment decisions. A few weeks later, the patient's test results come back positive for a genetic mutation. The APN starts osimertinib (Tagrisso). Based on this information, what type of genetic mutation does this patient have? A. ALK mutation B. EGFR mutation C. BRCA mutation D. MET amplification mutation B. EGFR mutation A 20-year-old male meets with an advanced professional nurse (APN) to discuss symptoms that have been slowly progressing over the past several years. He is mainly concerned because he has been falling frequently. Since childhood, his gait has consisted of walking on his toes. During middle school, he was able to participate in sports but was unable to participate in high school sports due to difficulty with running and jumping. Lately, he has noticed it takes longer and is more difficult to change positions from sitting to standing than it used to in the past. He has also been waking up with muscle and joint stiffness. The APRN notes that his family history is not significant for any chronic or genetic diseases. Which condition is likely to be the cause of these symptoms? A. Becker muscular dystrophy B. Myotonic dystrophy C. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) D. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy A. Becker muscular dystrophy Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology of SLE and its relation to thrombocytopenia? A. SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and promotes development of self-reactive antibodies. B. SLE causes a cross-reaction of antibodies with normal platelet antigens. C. SLE causes a defect in the number and function of regulatory B cells. D. SLE increases megakaryocyte maturation. A. SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and promotes development of self-reactive antibodies A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care provider told her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previous medical history and is currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the elevated ferritin and would like to know if she should be worried. What should the provider do next for this patient? A. Order a liver function test B. Order a renal ultrasound C. Refer her for a bone marrow biopsy D. Order a thyroid panel A. Order a liver function test A 75-year-old female presents to the emergency department with an irregular heart rate of 130. What can be ascertained about this patient's findings given the limited information? A. She has a normal sinus rhythm and needs her heart rate controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor). B. She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her heart rate controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor). C. She is diagnosed with ventricular tachycardia and needs her heart rhythm controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor). D. She is diagnosed with torsades de pointes and needs her heart rate controlled with magnesium. B. She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her heart rate controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor) Which condition from this patient's medical history is contributing to the loss of contractility? A. Atrial fibrillation B. Acute myocardial infarction C. Angina D. Transient ischemic attack B. Acute myocardial infarction A 45-year-old female fears that she is having a stroke and takes herself to an emergency room. After several diagnostic and laboratory tests, the patient is diagnosed with Cushing disease. Which lab abnormality would be present in this patient? A. Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B. Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C. Increased cortisol D. Decreased cortisol C. Increased cortisol A two-year-old child presents with a clear runny nose and cough which has lasted 3 days. The child's mother reports the cough sounds like a barking noise. The child is sleeping in the mother's arms and appears to have stridor. The child's mother also reports an axillary temperature of 101°F last night. Which management technique is appropriate for this child's symptoms? A. Antibiotics B. Rest and the use of a warm humidifier C. Oral steroids and breathing treatments D. Supportive care C. Oral steroids and breathing treatments An 18-year-old male is involved in a motorcycle crash while not wearing a helmet. He is brought into an emergency room and is immediately taken for a CT scan. The provider tells the patient's parents he has bleeding between the dura mater and the skull. What is this patient's condition called? A. Subdural hematoma B. Epidural hematoma C. Cerebral hematoma D. Intracerebral hematoma B. Epidural hematoma A 45-year-old male is being seen in the clinic for a yearly check-up and lab work. His history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia for which he currently takes Norvasc 5 mg daily and Lipitor 20 mg nightly. Patient has a family history of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia. After obtaining lab work, the provider notices the patient's hgbA1c is elevated at 7.5. The patient is already on a DASH diet and watching the amount of sweets and carbohydrates he eats daily. The patient is not overweight and participates in moderate physical activity at least 4-5 days a week. He was started on Metformin three months ago, and his hemoglobin A1c is now 6.9. The nurse expects to see a class of medication prescribed which is proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Considering the treatment guidelines from the American College of Cardiology, which medication should be recommended for this patie B. Invokana 100 mg daily