hdev_4_4e_by_rathus___test_bank.

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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
MultipleJChoice

1. InJancientJtimesJandJinJtheJMiddleJAges,JchildrenJwereJoftenJviewedJasJ .
a. innatelyJgood
b. innatelyJevil
c. aJtabulaJrasa
d. aJgeneticJproduct
ANSWER: b

2. JohnJLockeJisJmostJlikelyJtoJagreeJwithJtheJfactJthat:
a. childrenJareJbornJinnatelyJgood.
b. childrenJareJbornJinnatelyJevil.
c. childrenJareJinfluencedJbyJtheirJexperiences.
d. ChildrenJareJindifferentJtoJtheirJsurroundings.
ANSWER: c

3. DifferentiateJbetweenJJohnJLocke'sJwritingJandJJean-JacquesJRousseau'sJwritings.
a. WhileJLockeJarguedJthatJchildrenJareJinherentlyJgood,JRousseauJarguedJthatJchildrenJwereJinnatelyJevil.
b. WhileJLockeJfocusedJonJtheJroleJofJtheJenvironment,JRousseauJfocusedJonJtheJexpressionJofJnaturalJimpulses.
c. WhileJLockeJbelievedJthatJchildrenJshouldJbeJtreatedJasJpropertyJandJservants,JRousseauJbelievedJthatJch
ildrenJshouldJbeJtreatedJwithJrespectJandJcare.
d. WhileJLockeJbelievedJinJtheJtraditionalJviewsJofJdevelopmentalJpsychology,JRousseauJbelievedJinJtheJm
odernJviewsJofJdevelopmentalJpsychology.
ANSWER: b

4. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJisJtrueJofJfamilyJlifeJduringJtheJindustrialJrevolution?
a. FamilyJlifeJwasJlegallyJdefinedJtoJincludeJthreeJgenerationsJofJrelatives.
b. FamilyJlifeJgrewJtoJincludeJextendedJfamilyJmembers,JlikeJcousins,Jaunts,JandJuncles.
c. FamilyJlifeJwasJdefinedJinJtermsJofJtheJnuclearJunitJofJmother,Jfather,JandJchildren.
d. FamilyJlifeJshrankJtoJincludeJonlyJoneJchildJperJfamily.
ANSWER: c

5. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJisJtrueJofJchildrenJinJtheJ20thJcentury?
a. ChildrenJreceivedJgreaterJlegalJprotectionJthanJtheyJdidJpriorJtoJthen.
b. ChildrenJwereJmarriedJyoungerJthanJduringJpreviousJcenturies.
c. ChildrenJwereJconsideredJtoJbeJtheJpropertyJofJtheirJparents.
d. ChildrenJexperiencedJlessJemphasisJonJeducationJthanJduringJpreviousJcenturies.
ANSWER: a

6. TheJideaJofJchildhoodJasJaJspecialJtimeJofJlife:
a. wasJconcurrentJwithJaJtimeJofJeaseJforJchildrenJduringJtheJIndustrialJRevolution.
b. becameJevidentJduringJtheJIndustrialJRevolution,JasJchildrenJbecameJmoreJvisible.
c. lastedJthroughoutJtheJIndustrialJRevolutionJbutJgraduallyJdeclinedJthroughJtheJ20thJcentury.

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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods

d. correspondedJtoJtheJMiddleJAgesJandJtheJimportanceJofJchildrenJinJtheJfamilyJduringJthisJtime.
ANSWER: b

7. TheJpurposeJofJtheJfirstJstandardizedJintelligenceJtestJwasJto:
a. measureJIQJscoresJtoJdetermineJgenius-levelJabilitiesJinJchildren.
b. identifyJchildrenJwhoJwereJatJriskJofJfallingJbehindJinJschool.
c. createJseparateJclassroomsJforJhigh-JandJlow-intelligenceJchildren.
d. compareJpeopleJofJdifferentJracialJandJethnicJbackgrounds.
ANSWER: b

8. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJisJaJsimilarityJbetweenJJohnJWatson'sJschoolJofJbehaviorismJandJJohnJLocke'sJconceptJofJtabulaJras
a?
a. BothJemphasizeJtheJjointJcontributionsJofJnatureJandJnurtureJtoJone'sJdevelopment.
b. BothJsuggestJthatJone'sJgeneticJendowmentJdeterminesJone'sJideas,Jpreferences,JandJskills.
c. BothJsuggestJthatJexperienceJdeterminesJone'sJideas,Jpreferences,JandJskills.
d. BothJemphasizeJtheJimportanceJofJmaturationalJprocesses.
ANSWER: c

9. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJperspectivesJofJchildJdevelopmentJisJArnoldJGesellJcreditedJwith?
a. BiologicalJmaturationJofJchildren
b. TheJinherentJgoodnessJofJchildren
c. TheJinherentlyJflawedJnatureJofJchildren
d. EnvironmentJinfluencesJofJchildren
ANSWER: a

10. TheJpsychosexualJtheoryJofJdevelopmentJisJsimilarJtoJtheJpsychosocialJtheoryJofJdevelopmentJinJthat:
a. bothJtheoriesJassertJthatJhumanJdevelopmentJisJaJcontinuous,JlifelongJprocessJwithJlittleJorJnoJgaps.
b. bothJtheoriesJsuggestJthatJaJchild'sJexperiencesJduringJearlyJstagesJaffectJtheJchild'sJemotionalJandJsocialJlifeJatJt
heJtimeJandJlaterJon.
c. bothJtheoriesJbelieveJthatJaJchildJorJadult'sJbehaviorJisJlearned.
d. bothJtheoriesJsuggestJthatJadaptationJandJnaturalJselectionJareJconnectedJwithJbehavior.
ANSWER: b

11. AccordingJtoJFreud,JwhichJaspectJofJourJpersonalityJisJpresentJatJbirth?
a. TheJsuperego
b. TheJid
c. TheJego
d. TheJarchetype
ANSWER: b

12. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJisJaJsimilarityJbetweenJFreud'sJandJErikson'sJpsychoanalyticJtheories?
a. BothJareJtypesJofJstageJtheories.
b. BothJareJexclusivelyJnatureJtheories.

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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods

c. BothJareJexclusivelyJnurtureJtheories
d. BothJareJquantitativeJtheories.
ANSWER: a

13. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJisJtrueJofJtheJegoJaccordingJtoJFreud?
a. ItJisJbiologicallyJbasedJandJpresentJatJbirth.
b. ItJisJdrivenJbyJtheJquestJforJpleasure.
c. ItJforcesJusJtoJfollowJrulesJandJactsJasJaJmoralJbase.
d. ItJmakesJplansJthatJareJsociallyJappropriate.
ANSWER: d

14. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJisJtrueJofJfixationJinJtheJoralJstage?
a. ItJoccursJbecauseJofJbeingJtoiletJtrainedJtooJstrictly.
b. ItJoccursJbecauseJofJbeingJweanedJtooJearlyJorJbreast-fedJforJtooJlong.
c. ItJoccursJbecauseJofJconcentratingJonJschoolJworkJforJtooJlong.
d. ItJoccursJbecauseJofJplayingJwithJchildrenJofJtheJoppositeJgenderJtooJoften.
ANSWER: b

15. NataliaJisJaJgrownJwomanJwhoJstillJsucksJherJthumb.JHerJco-
workersJnoticeJherJbehaviorJbutJareJtooJpoliteJtoJmentionJit.JAccordingJtoJFreud,JNataliaJisJfixatedJatJthe ofJdevelopment.
a. analJstage
b. oralJstage
c. phallicJstage
d. genitalJstage
ANSWER: b

16. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJfactorsJplaysJaJroleJinJfixationJduringJtheJanalJstageJofJdevelopment?
a. StrictJtoiletJtraining
b. ExcessiveJbreastJfeeding
c. ExcessJworkJloadJinJschool
d. InteractionJwithJopposite-sexJchildren
ANSWER: a

17. WhichJofJtheJfollowingJisJtrueJofJFreud'sJlegacyJforJfutureJthinkers?
a. HisJfocusJonJtheJscientificJmethodJhasJledJtoJstrongerJwaysJofJstudyingJhumanJdevelopment.
b. HisJemphasisJonJevolutionaryJchangesJhasJledJtoJfurtherJresearchJonJbehavioralJchangesJinJeachJgeneration.
c. HisJfocusJonJtheJimportanceJofJgeneticsJhasJledJtoJmodernJresearchersJunderstandingJhowJgeneticsJandJen
vironmentJintersect.
d. HisJemphasisJonJtheJemotionalJneedsJofJchildrenJhasJinfluencedJhowJeducatorsJunderstandJchildren’sJbe
haviors.
ANSWER: d

18. AccordingJtoJErikson,JwhichJofJtheJfollowingJisJtrueJofJearlyJexperiences?
a. TheyJareJmoreJchallengingJthanJlaterJexperiences.
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