BIOL 1104 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
mutation - Correct Answers -any change in DNA, ultimate source of all genetic variation
randomly - Correct Answers -mutation occurs ___ as mistakes in replication/crossing
over or induced by chemicals/radiation
bad - Correct Answers -effects of mutations are usually ____, sometimes not
allele - Correct Answers -mutation is typically rare, so alone it doesn't have much effect
on ___ frequencies
substitution - Correct Answers -point mutation of genetic code in which one letter is
changed for another
gene flow - Correct Answers -brings diversity from other populations that may be new;
with enough gene flow between areas, allele frequencies become similar
population genetics - Correct Answers -seeks to understand genetic relationships
between populations, measures various types of diversity within and among populations
spatial, temporal - Correct Answers -population genetics is central to understanding
effects of ___ and ___ processes on a species and how it responds to changing
environments
insertion - Correct Answers -a nucleotide/base pair is added into a genetic code
deletion - Correct Answers -a letter in the code of a nucleotide/base pair is removed
low - Correct Answers -rate of point mutation is ___ in human genome
delete - Correct Answers -radiation can ___ a portion of a chromosome
crossing over - Correct Answers -there can be an uneven exchange during
chromosomal ___ ____, resulting in duplication and deletion
atomic gardening - Correct Answers -1950s experimentation by govt. and plant
breeders of irradiating plants with gamma radiation in hope of producing useful
mutations
, - occasionally worked and produced dozens of useful varieties
chimpanzees - Correct Answers -humans and ___ share a recent common ancestor,
but have a fused chromosome (2N=46 vs. 2N=48)
drift - Correct Answers -starting point/null hypothesis of evolution
recent/small - Correct Answers -if change is ___, evolution could be caused by drift
along with mutation, gene flow, non-random mating
greater/faster - Correct Answers -if change is ___, selection may be playing a role
selection - Correct Answers -lactose intolerance, metabolism/
pigmentation changes, and disease resistance (malaria) are strong evidence for ___ in
humans
speciation - Correct Answers -evolutionary divergence of a population into new and
distinct species (typically over long periods of time)
allopatric speciation - Correct Answers -geographic isolation resulting in genetic
divergence *other fatherlands
sympatric speciation - Correct Answers -genetic divergence without geographic isolation
(ex. changes in ploidy)
physical - Correct Answers -allopatric species contains some kind of ___ barrier
(vicariance) and prevents gene flow between a once connected population
gene flow - Correct Answers -reduce ___ ___ of sympatric populations can occur
through:
- polyploidy events
- niche differentiation, disruptive selection, non-random mating
allopollyploidy - Correct Answers -fertilization between two different species
(hybridization) with a chromosome doubling event (restores fertility)
- two distinct species produce a fertile hybrid with increased ploidy
autopollyploidy - Correct Answers -fertilization between members of the same species
with meiotic abnormalities
multiplied - Correct Answers -in both allopolyploidy and autopolyploidy, chromosome
number is ___
duplicate - Correct Answers -to have allopolyploidy, diploid plants with uneven number
causes infertility unless it undergoes a ____ event
ANSWERS
mutation - Correct Answers -any change in DNA, ultimate source of all genetic variation
randomly - Correct Answers -mutation occurs ___ as mistakes in replication/crossing
over or induced by chemicals/radiation
bad - Correct Answers -effects of mutations are usually ____, sometimes not
allele - Correct Answers -mutation is typically rare, so alone it doesn't have much effect
on ___ frequencies
substitution - Correct Answers -point mutation of genetic code in which one letter is
changed for another
gene flow - Correct Answers -brings diversity from other populations that may be new;
with enough gene flow between areas, allele frequencies become similar
population genetics - Correct Answers -seeks to understand genetic relationships
between populations, measures various types of diversity within and among populations
spatial, temporal - Correct Answers -population genetics is central to understanding
effects of ___ and ___ processes on a species and how it responds to changing
environments
insertion - Correct Answers -a nucleotide/base pair is added into a genetic code
deletion - Correct Answers -a letter in the code of a nucleotide/base pair is removed
low - Correct Answers -rate of point mutation is ___ in human genome
delete - Correct Answers -radiation can ___ a portion of a chromosome
crossing over - Correct Answers -there can be an uneven exchange during
chromosomal ___ ____, resulting in duplication and deletion
atomic gardening - Correct Answers -1950s experimentation by govt. and plant
breeders of irradiating plants with gamma radiation in hope of producing useful
mutations
, - occasionally worked and produced dozens of useful varieties
chimpanzees - Correct Answers -humans and ___ share a recent common ancestor,
but have a fused chromosome (2N=46 vs. 2N=48)
drift - Correct Answers -starting point/null hypothesis of evolution
recent/small - Correct Answers -if change is ___, evolution could be caused by drift
along with mutation, gene flow, non-random mating
greater/faster - Correct Answers -if change is ___, selection may be playing a role
selection - Correct Answers -lactose intolerance, metabolism/
pigmentation changes, and disease resistance (malaria) are strong evidence for ___ in
humans
speciation - Correct Answers -evolutionary divergence of a population into new and
distinct species (typically over long periods of time)
allopatric speciation - Correct Answers -geographic isolation resulting in genetic
divergence *other fatherlands
sympatric speciation - Correct Answers -genetic divergence without geographic isolation
(ex. changes in ploidy)
physical - Correct Answers -allopatric species contains some kind of ___ barrier
(vicariance) and prevents gene flow between a once connected population
gene flow - Correct Answers -reduce ___ ___ of sympatric populations can occur
through:
- polyploidy events
- niche differentiation, disruptive selection, non-random mating
allopollyploidy - Correct Answers -fertilization between two different species
(hybridization) with a chromosome doubling event (restores fertility)
- two distinct species produce a fertile hybrid with increased ploidy
autopollyploidy - Correct Answers -fertilization between members of the same species
with meiotic abnormalities
multiplied - Correct Answers -in both allopolyploidy and autopolyploidy, chromosome
number is ___
duplicate - Correct Answers -to have allopolyploidy, diploid plants with uneven number
causes infertility unless it undergoes a ____ event
