MED-SURG II EXAM #1 STUDY GUIDE FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
|COMPLETE AND DETAILED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| REAL
EXAM QNA | 2025 LATEST UPDATED 100% RATED CORRECT | 100%
VERFIED | ALREADY GRADED A+|GUARANTEED TO PASS!!
What factors affect fluid balance? - (answer)Electrolyte concentrations and a
combination of intake and output (I&O).
What is the minimum urine output required to excrete waste products? -
(answer)At least 400-600 ml per day (30 ml/hr).
What is insensible water loss and where does it occur? - (answer)Water loss that
cannot be controlled, occurring through skin (sweating), lungs (breathing), and
stool (diarrhea).
What conditions can increase insensible water loss? - (answer)Trauma, burns,
fever, stress, thyroid crisis, and hot & dry weather.
,Who are at risk for increased insensible water loss? - (answer)Patients with GI
suction, mechanical ventilation, and rapid respirations.
How is fluid balance monitored? - (answer)Through weight and skin turgor
(checking clavicle).
What is isotonic dehydration? - (answer)A condition where both water and
electrolytes are lost equally (hypovolemia).
What is hypertonic dehydration? - (answer)A condition where water loss exceeds
electrolyte loss.
What is hypotonic dehydration? - (answer)A condition where electrolyte loss
exceeds water loss.
What are some causes of hypovolemia? - (answer)Vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea,
diaphoresis, diuretics, diabetes insipidus, renal disease, adrenal insufficiency,
,osmotic diuresis, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, ascites, burns, hemorrhage, and
being NPO.
What are some causes of dehydration? - (answer)Hyperventilation, DKA, and
enteral feedings without enough water intake.
What are other causes of fluid deficit? - (answer)Excessive salivation, fistulas,
ileostomy, severe wounds, difficulty swallowing, impaired thirst, unconsciousness,
fever, and impaired motor function.
What are some assessment findings for dehydration? - (answer)Hyperthermia,
tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, decreased CVP,
tachypnea, dyspnea, hypoxia, dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue,
thirst, dry-furrowed tongue, n/v, anorexia, weight loss, oliguria, decreased CRT,
cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flattened neck veins, dry
skin/mouth, poor skin turgor/tenting, dysrhythmias, decreased peripheral pulses,
fever, decreased LOC, constipation, and decreased GI motility/bowel sounds.
, What lab results indicate dehydration? - (answer)Increased hemoglobin and
hematocrit (H&H), osmolality, protein, BUN, urine specific gravity, and
electrolytes (depending on the cause).
What interventions should be taken for dehydration? - (answer)Monitor urinalysis,
oxygen levels, CBC, electrolytes, and I&O.
What should be monitored when UOP is less than 30 ml/hr? - (answer)Provide O2
as needed; monitor vital signs, cardiac rhythm, respiratory sounds, neuromuscular
status, renal function, skin condition, and GI status.
What position should a client be placed in if experiencing shock? - (answer)Place
the client in shock position (on back with legs elevated).
What is the recommended fluid replacement strategy for isotonic, hypertonic, and
hypotonic losses? - (answer)Treat isotonic loss with isotonic solution, hypertonic
loss with hypotonic solution, and hypotonic loss with hypertonic solution.
|COMPLETE AND DETAILED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| REAL
EXAM QNA | 2025 LATEST UPDATED 100% RATED CORRECT | 100%
VERFIED | ALREADY GRADED A+|GUARANTEED TO PASS!!
What factors affect fluid balance? - (answer)Electrolyte concentrations and a
combination of intake and output (I&O).
What is the minimum urine output required to excrete waste products? -
(answer)At least 400-600 ml per day (30 ml/hr).
What is insensible water loss and where does it occur? - (answer)Water loss that
cannot be controlled, occurring through skin (sweating), lungs (breathing), and
stool (diarrhea).
What conditions can increase insensible water loss? - (answer)Trauma, burns,
fever, stress, thyroid crisis, and hot & dry weather.
,Who are at risk for increased insensible water loss? - (answer)Patients with GI
suction, mechanical ventilation, and rapid respirations.
How is fluid balance monitored? - (answer)Through weight and skin turgor
(checking clavicle).
What is isotonic dehydration? - (answer)A condition where both water and
electrolytes are lost equally (hypovolemia).
What is hypertonic dehydration? - (answer)A condition where water loss exceeds
electrolyte loss.
What is hypotonic dehydration? - (answer)A condition where electrolyte loss
exceeds water loss.
What are some causes of hypovolemia? - (answer)Vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea,
diaphoresis, diuretics, diabetes insipidus, renal disease, adrenal insufficiency,
,osmotic diuresis, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, ascites, burns, hemorrhage, and
being NPO.
What are some causes of dehydration? - (answer)Hyperventilation, DKA, and
enteral feedings without enough water intake.
What are other causes of fluid deficit? - (answer)Excessive salivation, fistulas,
ileostomy, severe wounds, difficulty swallowing, impaired thirst, unconsciousness,
fever, and impaired motor function.
What are some assessment findings for dehydration? - (answer)Hyperthermia,
tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, decreased CVP,
tachypnea, dyspnea, hypoxia, dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue,
thirst, dry-furrowed tongue, n/v, anorexia, weight loss, oliguria, decreased CRT,
cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flattened neck veins, dry
skin/mouth, poor skin turgor/tenting, dysrhythmias, decreased peripheral pulses,
fever, decreased LOC, constipation, and decreased GI motility/bowel sounds.
, What lab results indicate dehydration? - (answer)Increased hemoglobin and
hematocrit (H&H), osmolality, protein, BUN, urine specific gravity, and
electrolytes (depending on the cause).
What interventions should be taken for dehydration? - (answer)Monitor urinalysis,
oxygen levels, CBC, electrolytes, and I&O.
What should be monitored when UOP is less than 30 ml/hr? - (answer)Provide O2
as needed; monitor vital signs, cardiac rhythm, respiratory sounds, neuromuscular
status, renal function, skin condition, and GI status.
What position should a client be placed in if experiencing shock? - (answer)Place
the client in shock position (on back with legs elevated).
What is the recommended fluid replacement strategy for isotonic, hypertonic, and
hypotonic losses? - (answer)Treat isotonic loss with isotonic solution, hypertonic
loss with hypotonic solution, and hypotonic loss with hypertonic solution.
